THE 

WHITE 

DOE 


THE  LEGEND  OF 
VIRGINIA  DARE 


SaJlie    SoutKaJl    Gotten 


LIBRARY 

UNIVERSITY  OF 
CALIFORNIA 

SAN  DIEGO 


& 


THE  WHITE   DOE 


"While  within  its  bright'ning  dimness, 
With  the  misty  halo  'round  her, 
Stood  a  beautiful  white  maiden" 


Page  70 


THE  WHITE  DOE 

THE    FATE    OF 
VIRGINIA  DARE 


AN  INDIAN  LEGEND 
BY 

SALLIK 

SOUTH ALL 

GOTTEN 


printed  tot  tbc  Hutbor 

BY  J.  B.  LIPPINCOTT  COMPANY,  PHILADELPHIA 


Copyright,  1901 

BY  SALLIR  SOUTHALI.  GOTTEN 
All  rights  reserved 


TO 

The  National  Society 

of 

Colonial  Dames  of  America 

WHOSE  PATRIOTIC  WORK  HAS  STIMULATED 
RESEARCH  INTO  AN  IMPORTANT  AND 
INTERESTING  PERIOD  OK  THE  HISTORY  OF 

OUR   BELOVED   COUNTRY 


FORGOTTEN    FACTS  AND   FANCIES 
OF  AMERICAN   HISTORY 

S  civilization  advances  there  develops 
in  the  heart  of  man  a  higher 
appreciation  of  the  past,  and  the 
deeds  of  preceding  generations 
come  to  be  viewed  with  a  calm 
criticism  which  denudes  those 
deeds  of  false  splendor  and  in 
creases  the  lustre  of  real  accom 
plishment  Man  cannot  see  into  the  future  and 
acquire  the  prescience  of  coming  events  which 
would  make  him  infallible,  but  he  can  remove  the 
veil  from  the  past,  contemplate  the  mistakes  and 
successes  of  those  who  have  lived  before  him,  and 
who  struggled  with  the  same  problems  which  now 
confront  him.  The  results  of  their  efforts  are  re 
corded  in  history,  and  inspired  by  high  ideals  he  can 
study  the  past,  and  by  feeding  his  lamp  of  wisdom 
with  the  oil  of  their  pxperiences  he  secures  a 
greater  light  to  guide  his  own  activities.  Man 
remains  a  slave  to  Fate  until  Knowledge  makes 
him  free,  and  while  all  true  knowledge  comes 


FORGOTTEN   FACTS   AND   FANCIES 

from  experience,  it  need  not  necessarily  be  personal 
experience. 

In  studying  the  past,  deeds  come  to  be  estimated 
more  with  reference  to  their  ultimate  results  and  as 
factors  in  universal  progress,  and  less  as  personal 
efforts  ;  just  as  more  and  more  the  personal  merges 
into  the  universal  in  all  lines  of  endeavor.  Viewed 
in  this  light  of  ultimate  results  an  imperishable  and 
increased  lustre  envelops  the  name  of  Sir  Walter 
Raleigh  as  the  pioneer  and  faithful  promoter  of 
English  colonization  in  America.  The  recognition 
of  his  services  by  the  people  who  reap  the  reward 
of  his  labors  has  ever  been  too  meagre.  A  por 
trait  here  and  there,  the  name  of  the  capital  city  in 
a  State,  a  mention  among  other  explorers  on  a 
tablet  in  the  National  Library,  the  name  of  a  battle 
ship,  and  a  few  pages  in  history,  help  to  remind  us 
of  his  association  with  this  nation.  Perhaps  a  few 
may  recognize  his  personal  colors — red  and  white — 
in  the  binding  in  this  book,  and  his  Coat  of  Arms 
in  the  heraldic  device  which  ornaments  the  cover, 
and  which  are  mentioned  "lest  we  forget"  one  we 
should  honor.  . 

The  present  and  ever  increasing  greatness  of 
these  United  States  is  due  to  the  efforts  of  this 
remarkable  man,  who  so  wondrously  combined  in 


OF  AMERICAN   HISTORY 

one  personality  the  attributes  of  statesman,  courtier, 
soldier,  scientist,  poet,  explorer,  and  martyr.  Isa 
bella  of  Spain  offered  her  jewels  to  aid  Columbus, 
and  the  deed  has  been  lauded  and  celebrated  as  of 
international  value,  yet  it  contained  no  touch  of 
personal  sacrifice.  She  was  never  deprived  of  her 
jewels,  and  while  her  generous  offer  proved  her 
faith  in  the  theories  and  ability  of  Columbus,  it 
brought  to  her  no  suffering.  On  the  other  hand, 
the  efforts  of  Sir  Walter  Raleigh  were  at  his  own 
expense,  and  entailed  financial  disaster  on  him  in 
the  end.  That  he  sought  to  extend  the  power  of 
England  must  be  admitted  by  those  who  correctly 
estimate  his  character  ;  yet  no  one  will  deny  that 
he  was  the  most  important  factor  in  the  colonization 
of  America  by  the  English.  Spain,  France,  and 
England  contended  long  for  supremacy  in  the  New 
World,  but  France  failed  to  gain  any  permanent 
power,  and  Spanish  dominance,  as  illustrated  in 
South  America  and  Mexico,  was  followed  by  slow 
progress.  It  was  the  English  race,  led  by  Raleigh , 
which  has  become  the  leading  power  and  modern 
strength  of  America.  Colony  after  colony  he  sent 
to  the  new  land,  and  desisted  not,  even  after  the 
death  of  his  half-brother  and  coadjutor,  Sir  Hum 
phrey  Gilbert  Disaster  could  not  daunt  so  brave 


FORGOTTEN   FACTS   AND   FANCIES 

a  spirit,  and  with  unsurpassed  enterprise  and  perse 
verance  he  continued  to  send  expeditions  year  after 
year  to  what  is  now  the  coast  of  North  Carolina,  but 
which  was  then  called  Virginia,  and  recognized  as 
Raleigh's  possessions.  Much  money  was  required, 
and  when  his  own  fortune  was  exhausted  he  trans 
ferred  to  what  is  known  as  the  London  Company 
his  rights  to  the  land,  and  by  his  advice  they  avoided 
his  mistakes  and  made  the  next  settlement  at  James 
town  instead  of  Roanoak  Island. 

These  facts  have  been  temporarily  obscured  by 
the  moss  of  neglect,  but  they  cannot  be  destroyed. 
They  will  ever  remain  the  foundation-stones  of  the 
great  structure  known  and  respected  among  nations 
as  the  United  States  of  America,  and  were  laid  by 
Sir  Walter  Raleigh  at  Roanoak  Island,  on  the  coast 
of  North  Carolina,  which  was  then  called  Virginia. 
The  intervening  years  have  brought  great  results, 
those  early  struggles  have  ripened  into  success  and 
greatness  beyond  Raleigh's  most  sanguine  dreams. 
A  new  race  has  arisen,  yet  bearing  the  characteris 
tics  of  the  race  from  which  it  sprung.  Our  English 
ancestors,  our  heritage  of  English  law  and  custom, 
of  religion  and  home  life,  of  language  and  ideals, 
all  tempered  by  the  development  of  new  character 
istics,  bind  us  through  him  to  England. 


OF  AMERICAN   HISTORY 

Sir  Walter  •  Raleigh  was  not  an  ordinary  man. 
He  was  one  of  the  most  remarkable  of  a  coterie  of 
remarkable  men  whom  a  remarkable  queen  (Eliza 
beth)  gathered  around  her,  and  to  whom  she  owed 
much  of  the  grandeur  of  her  remarkable  reign. 
Elizabeth's  greatest  gift  was  a  capacity  for  discern 
ing  and  using  great  minds,  and  she  had  the  good 
fortune  to  find  many  around  her  at  that  period  of 
time.  Raleigh  won  her  favor,  and  received  from 
her  many  benefits,  among  which  was  the  honor  of 
knighthood  with  its  emoluments,  which  she  con 
ferred.  In  the  end  her  favor  cost  him  dear,  because 
his  heart  had  the  courage  to  be  true  to  itself  in  love. 
Elizabeth  never  forgave  him  for  loving,  marrying, 
and  being  true  until  death  to  her  maid  of  honor, 
the  beautiful  Elizabeth  Throckmorton.  That  vain 
and  jealous  queen  permitted  no  rivals,  and  she 
wished  to  reign  over  the  heart  of  this  man,  who, 
handsome,  brave,  gallant,  intelligent,  and  romantic, 
made  an  ideal  courtier.  His  life  at  court  was  bril 
liant  but  brief.  Love  anchored  a  soul  attuned  to 
loftier  deeds,  and  after  his  marriage  his  career  as  a 
courtier  was  eclipsed  by  his  later  exploits  as  a  states 
man,  warrior,  explorer,  and  author.  He  planned 
and  participated  in  many  expeditions  which  brought 
benefit  to  his  queen  and  added  to  his  own  fortune, 


FORGOTTEN   FACTS   AND   FANCIES 

yet  none  of  his  expeditions  have  borne  such  an 
ever-increasing  harvest  of  results  as  those  he  sent  to 
America.  He  began  that  work  in  1584,  and  con 
tinued  to  send  expeditions  in  1585-1586-1587,  until 
the  invasion  of  England  by  the  Spanish  Armada 
forced  him  to  other  activities,  and  even  then  he  sent 
two  expeditions  to  the  relief  of  the  colonists,  which, 
because  of  the  exigencies  of  war,  failed  to  reach 
America.  In  fact,  the  attitude  of  Spain  towards 
England  at  that  time  was  the  greatest  obstacle  which 
militated  against  the  success  of  his  colonies.  His 
ships  and  his  valor  were  necessary  to  suppress  and 
check  the  insolence  and  ambition  of  Spain,  who  de 
signed  to  conquer  England  and  become  mistress  of 
the  world.  By  his  valor,  loyalty,  and  wisdom  Raleigh 
was  largely  instrumental  in  bringing  about  the  fail 
ure  of  those  plans  and  in  defeating  the  Spanish  fleet, 
which  had  been  boastingly  named  The  Invincible 
Armada.  Again  his  zeal  and  cool  daring  won  for 
England  the  great  victory  of  Cadiz,  which  has 
always  ranked  as  the  most  remarkable  achievement 
in  the  annals  of  naval  warfare.  With  only  seven 
ships  he  dashed  in  and  destroyed  a  large  Spanish 
fleet  (fifty-five  ships)  in  its  own  harbor  with  a  dex 
terity  and  valor  not  surpassed  even  by  Dewey  at 
Manila  nor  by  Schley  at  Santiago. 


OF  AMERICAN   HISTORY 

Spain  was  always  his  foe  because  she  feared  him, 
and  it  seems  like  the  Nemesis  of  fate  that  three  hun 
dred  years  later  the  death-blow  of  Spain  as  a  world 
power  was  dealt  in  Manila  Bay  by  the  nation  which 
Raleigh  strove  so  hard  to  plant,  himself  all  uncon 
scious  of  what  the  years  were  to  bring.  On  that 
famous  morning  when  Dewey  startled  the  world 
and  chastised  Spain  for  her  insolence  and  cruelty, 
the  ship  which  fired  the  first  shot  in  a  battle  des 
tined  to  change  the  rating  of  two  nations,  the 
ship  which  first  replied  to  the  fire  of  the  Spanish 
forts,  as  if  answering  the  challenge  of  an  old-time 
foe, — that  ship  was  the  Raleigh,  named  in  honor 
of  that  great  man  by  the  nation  he  had  fostered, 
and  in  that  battle  Raleigh's  foe  was  humbled, 
Raleigh's  fame  perpetuated,  and  Raleigh's  death 
avenged. 

After  the  death  of  Elizabeth  the  star  of  Raleigh 
set.  He  whose  most  valiant  work  had  been  the 
defense  of  England  against  the  attacks  of  Spain  was 
falsely  charged  with  treasonable  negotiations  with 
Spain,  and  after  a  farce  of  a  trial  was  thrown  into 
prison,  where  he  remained  more  than  twelve  years. 
The  only  mitigations  of  the  horrors  of  prison  life  were 
the  presence  of  his  devoted  wife  and  his  books.  He 
had  always  been  a  student,  and  he  spent  the  weary 


FORGOTTEN   FACTS  AND   FANCIES 

hours  of  his  long  confinement  in  that  companionship 
which  is  known  only  to  those  who  really  love  books, 
and  to  such  minds  they  prove  a  panacea  for  sorrow 
and  injustice.  During  that  imprisonment  he  wrote 
his  famous  "  History  of  the  World,"  marking  the 
eventful  epoch  by  writing  a  history  of  the  Old  World 
at  the  same  time  that  he  was  opening  the  gates  of 
the  future  by  planting  English  colonies  in  the  New 
World.  As  soon  as  he  was  released  from  prison  his 
mind  returned  to  schemes  of  exploration.  He  made 
a  voyage  to  South  America,  where  new  disasters 
befell  him,  and  where  his  oldest  son  was  killed. 
Shattered  by  grief  and  misfortune  he  returned  to 
England,  where  his  enemies  had  planned  his  certain 
downfall.  Again  he  was  sent  to  prison,  but  not  for 
a  long  time,  for  soon  his  princely  head  paid  the  pen 
alty  which  true  greatness  has  too  often  paid  to  the 
power  of  a  weak  king.  As  a  subject  he  was  loyal 
and  valiant,  as  a  husband  faithful  and  devoted,  as  a 
father  affectionate  and  inspiring,  as  a  scholar  distin 
guished  in  prose  and  poetry,  as  a  soldier  he  won 
fame  and  fortune,  as  a  statesman  he  contributed  to 
the  renown  of  his  sovereign's  realm,  and  as  a  man 
he  lived  and  died  guided  by  the  highest  ideals. 
This  was  the  man  who  spent  a  fortune  trying  to 
establish  English  colonies  in  North  America,  and 


OF  AMERICAN   HISTORY 

who  sent  repeated  expeditions  to  the  island  of 
Roanoak,  situated  where  the  waters  of  the  Albe- 
marle  and  Pamlico  Sounds  meet,  on  the  coast  of 
North  Carolina,  but  which  was  then  called  Virginia. 
The  island  wears  a  cluster  of  historic  jewels  which 
should  endear  it  to  all  patriotic  Anglo-Americans. 
To  them  it  should  be  the  most  sacred,  the  best 
loved  spot  in  all  the  United  States.  There  the  first 
English  settlements  were  made  which  led  to  English 
supremacy  in  the  New  World.  There  the  first  home 
altar  was  reared  and  the  first  child  of  English 
parents  in  the  United  States  was  born  and  baptized. 
There  the  blood  of  Englishmen  first  dyed  the  sod 
of  North  America,  and  there  the  first  attempts  at 
English  agriculture  were  made.  There  was  enacted 
the  tragedy  of  American  colonization,  the  dis 
appearance  of  Raleigh's  Lost  Colony,  and  there  the 
sacrament  of  baptism  was  first  administered  in  the 
United  States.  Roanoak  Island  is  a  beautiful  place, 
with  fertile  soil  and  wild  luxuriance  of  vine-covered 
forests  which  are  enveloped  in  a  deep  solitude  which 
has  become  dignity.  Restless  waters  ebb  and  flow 
by  its  side,  restless  winds  kiss  its  bare  sand  dunes, 
a  genial  sun  brings  to  maturity  its  wealth  of  tree 
and  vine  and  shrub.  Protected  from  the  storms 
which  ravage  the  ocean  beyond,  it  sleeps  in  quiet 


FORGOTTEN   FACTS  AND  FANCIES 

beauty,  content  with  its  heritage  of  fame  as  the  first 
home  of  the  English  race  in  America. 

Its  isolated  position,  its  wild  beauty,  its  tragic 
associations,  its  dignified  repose,  all  seem  to  have 
set  it  aside  from  the  rush  of  modern  progress  that  it 
might  become  a  shrine  for  the  homage  of  a  patriotic 
people. 

The  wonderful  fertility  of  the  soil  of  this  island 
seemed  a  marvel  to  the  early  explorers,  all  of  whom 
have  testified  to  it  Ralph  Lane,  governor  of  the 
colony  of  1585,  in  writing  to  Raleigh  of  the  island 
and  the  surrounding  country,  declared  it  to  be  "the 
goodliest  soil  under  the  cope  of  heaven,"  and  that 
"  being  inhabited  with  English  no  realm  in  Christ 
endom  were  comparable  to  it;"  every  word  of  which 
is  true  now,  provided  that  the  English  who  inhabit 
it  follow  the  suggestions  of  nature  and  adopt  horti 
culture  as  the  developing  means.  The  surrounding 
country  as  well  as  Roanoak  Island  has  a  wealth  of 
climbing  vines  and  clustering  grapes  which  point 
instinctively  to  grape  culture.  Amadas  and  Barlowe 
(1584)  wrote  that  they  found  the  land  "so  full  of 
grapes  as  the  very  beating  and  surge  of  the  sea  over 
flowed  them,  of  which  we  found  such  plenty,  as  well 
there  as  in  all  places  else,  both  on  the  sand  and  on 
the  green  soil,  on  the  hills  as  on  the  plains,  as  well 


OF  AMERICAN   HISTORY 

as  on  every  little  shrub  as  also  climbing  towards  the 
top  of  high  cedars,  that  I  think  in  all  the  world  the 
like  abundance  is  not  to  be  found." 

Surely  no  other  such  natural  vineyard  was  ever 
found  outside  the  fabled  Garden  of  the  Gods! 

Even  in  this  generation  an  old  resident  of  the 
Banks,  an  ante-bellum  pilot  on  these  waters,  has 
testified  that  his  grandfather  could  remember  the 
time  "  when  if  a  vessel  were  stranded  on  any  of  the 
beaches  the  crew  could  crawl  to  land  on  the  grape 
vines  hanging  over  where  now  there  is  only  a  dry 
sand  beach."  Throughout  the  eastern  part  of  that 
State  (North  Carolina)  the  grape  riots  in  natural 
luxuriance  and  is  luscious  and  fragrant.  Many 
varieties  remain  wild,  while  others  have  been  im 
proved  by  cultivation.  The  three  finest  native 
American  grapes,  the  Catawba,  the  Isabella,  and  the 
Scuppernong,  are  all  indigenous  to  the  soil  of  North 
Carolina.  The  Catawba,  native  to  the  banks  of  the 
river  Catawba,  from  which  it  takes  its  name,  is  still 
found  wild  in  North  Carolina,  while  it  has  become 
celebrated  at  the  North  as  a  table-grape,  and  in 
Ohio  as  a  wine-grape.  In  its  adopted  home  it  has 
revolutionized  land  values  because  of  the  money 
value  of  the  product.  The  Isabella  grape,  so 
generally  cultivated  for  table  use,  is  thought  to  be  a 


FORGOTTEN  FACTS   AND   FANCIES 

hybrid  between  the  Burgundy  and  the  native  fox- 
grape  of  the  Carolinas.  The  tradition  runs  that 
the  Burgundy  was  brought  to  South  Carolina  by  the 
Huguenots,  and  that  cuttings  from  this  hybrid  were 
brought  to  North  Carolina  and  successfully  prop 
agated.  Mrs.  Isabella  Gibbs,  for  whom  this  well- 
known  grape  was  named,  carried  a  vine  from  North 
Carolina  to  Long  Island,  where  it  attracted  attention 
because  of  its  hardiness. 

To  the  people  of  the  South  Atlantic  coast  the 
Scuppernong  is  by  far  the  most  important  of  the 
native  grapes,  for  while  it  refuses  to  flourish  away 
from  its  native  home,  yet  its  great  possibilities  as  a 
wine-grape  are  beginning  to  be  appreciated.  All 
the  early  explorers  gave  it  special  mention.  Hariot 
in  his  famous  Narrative  wrote,  "There  are  two  kinds 
of  grapes  that  the  soil  does  yield  naturally,  the  one 
is  small  and  sour,  of  the  ordinary  bigness  of  ours  in 
England  ;  the  other  far  greater  and  of  himself  luscious 
sweet.  When  they  are  planted  and  husbanded  as 
they  ought,  a  principal  commodity  of  wines  by  them 
may  be  raised."  (Hakluyt,  1586.)  Lawson  in  his 
history  (1714)  describes  several  varieties,  and  dwells 
on  the  abundant  supply  of  grapes  and  the  great 
tangles  of  green  vines.  He  wrote  of  a  native  white 
grape,  which  many  in  that  day  thought  existed  only 


Old  "  Mother"  Scuppernong  Vine. 


OF  AMERICAN   HISTORY 

in  his  imagination  ;  but  it  was  a  reality  and  was  the 
now  well-known  Scuppernong,  whose  fame  history 
and  tradition  both  perpetuate,  and  whose  real  worth, 
greater  than  its  legendary  fame,  is  now  being  recog 
nized  and  appreciated.  There  are  several  varieties 
of  the  Scuppernong,  all  luscious  and  yielding  rich 
juices,  and  when  ripe  they  fill  the  air  with  a  fragrance 
unknown  to  any  other  grape. 

The  first  Scuppernong  vine  known  to  history  was 
found  on  the  mainland  of  the  North  Carolina  coast 
by  Amadas  and  Barlowe  on  their  first  voyage  (l  584). 
Tradition  relates  thay  they  transplanted  this  vine  to 
Roanoak  Island.  On  this  island  there  still  flourishes 
an  old  vine,  which  despite  its  gnarled  body  and 
evident  age  continues  to  bear  fruit.  It  is  claimed 
that  it  is  the  same  vine  Amadas  and  Barlowe  planted. 
Some  insist  that  it  was  planted  by  Sir  Walter  Raleigh 
himself,  but  as  that  famous  knight  did  not  realize  his 
wish  to  visit  his  new  possessions  in  North  America, 
the  honor  of  having  planted  the  vine  must  revert  to 
Amadas  and  Barlowe.  It  seems  to  be  endowed 
with  perennial  youth,  and  the  harvest  from  its 
branches  is  an  annual  certainty. 

What  the  early  explorers  testified  as  to  the  abun 
dant  supply  of  grapes  on  the  Carolina  coast,  and  the 
propitious  conditions  existing  for  the  propagation  of 


FORGOTTEN  FACTS   AND   FANCIES 

the  vine,  is  equally  true  to-day.  The  manifest  des 
tiny  of  North  Carolina  as  the  rival  of  Southern  France 
in  the  production  of  wines  seems  to  be  inevitable. 
The  marvel  is  how  it  has  been  so  long  delayed  after 
Hariot's  special  mention  of  such  possibilities.  Hariot 
was  a  close  observer  with  a  practical  mind,  and  the 
presence  of  an  indigenous  supply  of  material  to  sus 
tain  an  important  industry  suggested  to  him  that  the 
people  coming  to  this  grape-laden  land  might  estab 
lish  such  an  industry  to  their  advantage.  The  delay 
of  the  development  of  grape-culture  in  its  native 
home  can  only  be  explained  on  the  theory  that  when 
nature  boldly  invites,  man  becomes  shy.  This  in 
difference  to  grape-culture  is  peculiar  to  America,  for 
in  Europe  all  the  aristocracy  who  are  land-owners, 
where  the  climate  makes  it  possible,  are  cultivators 
of  the  grape,  take  great  pride  in  their  wines,  boast 
of  their  rare  and  fine  vintages,  and  hold  the  making 
of  wine  as  one  of  the  fine  arts. 

The  original  Scuppernong  has  white  skin,  white 
pulp,  white  juice,  and  makes  a  white  wine.  Other 
varieties  have  dark  purple  skins  and  yield  a  reddish 
juice  which  makes  a  red  wine.  The  dark  varieties 
are  said  to  be  seedlings  from  the  original  white  va 
riety,  and  tradition  explains  the  metamorphosis  in 
this  way. 


OF  AMERICAN   HISTORY 

In  the  magic  spring  made  famous  in  the  legend 
of  The  White  Doe,  after  the  blood  of  Virginia  Dare 
had  melted  from  the  silver  arrow  into  the  water  of 
the  spring,  then  the  water  disappeared.  As  the 
legend  says  : 

' '  Dry  became  the  magic  fountain, 
Leaving  bare  the  silver  arrow." 

Then  while  O-kis-ko  looked  on  in  wonderment  he 

saw 

' '  a  tiny  shoot  with  leaflets 
Pushing  upward  to  the  sunlight. ' ' 

Tradition  says  that  this  "  tiny  shoot  with  leaflets  " 
was  a  young  seedling  of  the  Scuppernong  which  had 
sprouted  in  the  edge  of  the  water,  and  it  was  not 
seen  by  O-kis-ko  until  all  the  water  had  disappeared. 
Then  he  saw  it  and  immediately  associated  its  ap 
pearance  with  the  magic  arrow,  and  so  left  it  "  reach 
ing  upward  to  the  sunlight."  After  many  days  he 
returned  to  the  spot — drawn  by  an  irresistible  long 
ing,  and  covered  the  fatal  arrow,  which  had  brought 
him  so  much  woe,  with  earth  and  leaves  to  hide 
it  from  his  sight.  The  earth  and  leaves  furnished 
the  necessary  nourishment  to  the  tiny  vine,  which 
reached  out  with  strength  and  vigor,  and  finding 
friendly  bushes  upon  which  to  climb,  it  soon  made  a 


FORGOTTEN   FACTS  AND   FANCIES 

sheltering  bower  above  the  spot  where  had  bubbled 
the  magic  spring.  This  tiny  green  bower  became  the 
favorite  retreat  of  O-kis-ko,  where  he  would  linger  to 
cherish  thoughts  of  his  lost  love,  Virginia  Dare,  and 
marvel  on  the  wonders  of  her  death.  Then  it  came 
to  pass  that  when  fruit  came  upon  this  vine,  lo  !  it 
was  purple  in  hue  instead  of  white  like  the  other 
grapes,  and  yielded  a  red  juice.  Full  of  super 
stition,  and  still  credulous  of  marvels,  O-kis-ko  imag 
ined  the  change  to  be  due  to  the  magic  arrow  buried 
at  its  root.  He  gathered  the  grapes  and  pressed  the 
juice  from  them,  and  lo  !  it  was  red — it  was  the  sem 
blance  of  blood,  Virginia  Dare's  blood,  absorbed 
from  the  water  (in  which  it  had  melted  from  the 
arrow)  by  the  vine,  and  yet  potent  for  good.  Surely 
it  held  some  unseen  power,  for  it  combined  in  some 
mystic  way  through  the  mysterious  earth  at  his  feet 
all  the  power  of  the  magic  spring,  the  power  of  the 
silver  arrow,  and  the  power  of  human  blood  conse 
crated  through  human  love.  He  reverently  drank 
the  juice  of  this  new  vine,  believing  that  it  would  in 
some  way  link  him  with  the  spirit  of  her  he  had 
loved  and  lost.  Year  after  year  he  drank  this  juice 
and  fed  his  soul  on  thoughts  of  love,  making  uncon 
sciously  a  sacrament,  and  finding  happiness  in  the 
thought  that  the  blood  of  the  maiden  would  feed  his 


OF  AMERICAN   HISTORY 

spirit  and  lead  him  to  her  at  last  To  become  good 
like  her  and  to  go  to  her  became  his  highest  hope. 
Aspiration  had  been  born  in  his  soul,  and  quickened 
by  love  it  could  not  die,  but  led  him  blindly  to  strive 
to  reach  her,  and  such  striving  is  never  in  vain. 

Another  fact  that  should  be  enshrined  in  the 
hearts  and  perpetuated  in  the  memorials  of  the 
nation,  is  that  on  Roanoak  Island  the  first  Christian 
baptism  in  the  United  States  was  administered.  By 
order  of  Sir  Walter  Raleigh,  Manteo,  the  friendly 
Indian  chief,  was  baptized  soon  after  the  arrival  of 
the  colony  under  Governor  White,  and  the  following 
Sunday  Virginia  Dare,  the  granddaughter  of  Gover 
nor  White,  was  baptized,  both  events  being  officially 
reported  to  Raleigh.  In  this  day  of  religious  free 
dom  any  enforced  adoption  of  religious  forms  shocks 
our  pious  instincts.  Yet  baptism  has  always  been 
considered  necessary  to  salvation,  and  in  the  past 
the  zeal  of  Christians  for  the  salvation  of  their  fellow- 
men  often  assumed  the  form  of  mild  force.  We  read 
where  the  Spaniards,  always  religious  fanatics,  ad 
ministered  the  Holy  Sacrament  to  thousands  in 
Central  America  and  Mexico  at  the  point  of  the 
sword ;  their  zeal  misleading  them  to  force  upon 
those  less  enlightened  than  themselves  the  hope  of 
that  heaven  which  they  believed  to  be  accessible 


FORGOTTEN   FACTS   AND   FANCIES 

only  through  certain  Christian  rites.  So  to  order 
the  baptism  of  an  Indian  chief  seems  a  simple, 
kindly  thing,  and  most  probably  Manteo  desired  it 
done.  The  only  other  Indian  who  received  baptism 
in  those  early  settlements  was  Pocahontas,  in  1614. 
She  was  a  captive  at  the  time  and  held  as  a  hostage 
to  induce  Powhatan  to  comply  with  certain  demands 
of  the  colonists  at  Jamestown. 

Despite  the  fact  that  Virginia  Dare  was  baptized 
twenty-seven  years  earlier  than  Pocahontas,  yet  it  is 
the  Indian  Princess  who  is  figured  in  the  painting 
on  the  walls  of  the  dome  of  the  Capitol  at  Wash 
ington  as  receiving  the  first  baptism  in  the  colonies. 
Buried  in  the  annals  of  that  time  lies  the  fact  that 
twenty-seven  years  before  any  colonist  even  came 
to  Jamestown,  Virginia  Dare  was  born  and  bap 
tized,  as  the  sequence  of  Christian  birth  and  as  the 
child  of  Christian  parents.  Virginia  Dare  was  not  a 
myth.  She  was  a  living,  breathing  reality,  a  human 
creature  of  good  English  descent,  the  granddaughter 
of  the  governor  of  the  colonies,  the  daughter  of 
the  assistant  governor,  and  a  sharer  in  the  myste 
rious  fate  of  Raleigh's  Lost  Colony.  The  histori 
cal  facts  of  her  life  and  the  legend  of  her  fate  and 
death  are  contained  in  the  pages  of  "The  White 
Doe." 


OF  AMERICAN   HISTORY 

Her  baptism  would  not  have  been  mentioned  in 
the  records  if  it  had  not  been  official  and  proper. 
In  a  new  land,  surrounded  by  dangers  and  difficul 
ties,  with  strange  environment  to  divert  the  mind 
to  other  channels,  it  would  have  been  easy  and 
natural  for  her  baptism  to  have  been  delayed  if  not 
altogether  neglected  amid  the  stress  of  events.  Her 
prompt  baptism  and  the  official  report  of  the  event 
to  Sir  Walter  Raleigh  is  convincing  testimony  to 
the  presence  of  a  chaplain  at  Roanoak. 

THE   FIRST  BAPTISM    IN   THE  WILDS   OF 

AMERICA ! 

How  naturally  the  scene  rises  before  us.  The 
young  mother,  her  heart  thrilling  with  the  mysteries 
of  love  and  life,  and  elated  with  the  joy  of  mother 
hood,  alert  to  the  dangers  of  the  new  land,  and  sus 
picious  of  the  strange  people  among  whom  her 
blue-eyed  treasure  must  live,  yet  yielding  cheerfully 
to  the  busy  smiling  English  women  who  had  crossed 
the  ocean  with  her,  and  now  with  womanly  intuition 
ministered  to  her  needs.  We  can  picture  them 
making  tidy  the  confused  household,  and  stilling  the 
cries  of  the  infant  as  they  prepare  her  to  receive 
the  sign  of  the  cross.  We  can  almost  picture  them 
deliberating  over  a  choice  from  among  their  limited 


FORGOTTEN   FACTS   AND   FANCIES 

supply  of  vessels  of  one  worthy  to  become  the  re 
ceptacle  of  the  water  to  be  used.  It  was  on  the 
Sabbath-Day,  and  the  dedication  to  God  of  the 
wee  creature  who  had  so  newly  come  among  them 
was  a  fitting  observance  of  the  day.  The  solemn 
words  of  the  ritual  of  the  English  Church,  never 
before  spoken  in  that  primeval  forest,  must  have 
awakened  mysterious  vibrations  which  linger  yet 
and  give  to  Roanoak  Island  that  atmosphere  of 
perpetual  repose  which  envelops  it.  There  must 
have  come  to  those  who  witnessed  the  scene  that 
holy  Sabbath-Day,  just  as  it  comes  now  to  those 
who  view  it  from  afar,  a  deep  realization  that  the 
God  of  the  English  and  the  Great  Spirit  of  the  In 
dian  are  one  and  the  same,  then,  now,  and  ever 
more.  The  One  God  to  whom  in  baptism  Virginia 
Dare  was  brought  and  in  whose  name  Manteo  the 
savage  was  signed  with  the  cross  and  given  the 
promise  of  salvation,  and  who  remains  the  God  of 
the  millions  of  English-speaking  people  who  now 
worship  in  the  land  which  was  then  and  there  dedi 
cated  to  the  service  of  Christ 

The  mist  of  oblivion  fades  before  the  light  of 
Truth,  and  Virginia  Dare  will  be  a  shining  jewel  in 
the  Chaplet  of  Memories  which  some  day  Christian 
America  will  place  upon  the  tomb  of  the  Past. 


PREFACE 


A  FAMILIAR  knowledge  of  the  history  of  one's 
own  country  increases  patriotism  and  stimulates 
valor.  For  this  reason  the  study  of  written  records 
called  history  should  be  supplemented  by  research 
into  myths,  folk-lore,  and  legends.  While  the 
value  of  history  lies  ever  in  its  truth,  it  must  yet 
bear  the  ideals  of  the  people  who  participated  in 
the  events  narrated.  Tradition  was  the  mother 
of  all  history,  and  was  necessarily  robed  in  the 
superstitions  of  the  era  of  which  the  tradition  tells. 
History  writers,  jealously  guarding  the  truth,  have 
striven  to  banish  all  traditions  which  seemed  colored 
by  fancy  or  even  freighted  with  a  moral  lesson. 
These  exiled  traditions,  bearing  the  seed-germs  of 
truth,  cannot  die,  but,  like  wandering  spirits,  float 
down  the  centuries  enveloped  in  the  mists  of  super 
stition,  until  finally,  embodied  in  romance  or  song, 
they  assume  a  permanent  form  called  legend  and 
become  the  heritage  of  a  people.  Legends  are 
the  satellites  of  history  because  they  have  their 

5 


6  PREFACE 

origin  in  the  same  events,   and  the  history  of  all 
countries  is  interspersed  with  them. 

The  legend  of  The  White  Doe  is  probably  the 
oldest  and  possibly  the  least  known  of  all  the 
legends  which  relate  to  the  history  of  the  United 
States.  It  is  a  genuine  American  legend,  and  the 
facts  from  which  it  had  its  origin  form  the  first 
chapter  in  the  history  of  English  colonization  in 
North  America.  Those  facts  are  found  in  the 
repeated  attempts  of  Sir  Walter  Raleigh  to  estab 
lish  an  English  colony  in  the  New  World.  The 
Spaniards  were  in  Florida,  the  French  were  in 
Nova  Scotia,  but  England  had  gained  no  posses 
sions  in  North  America  when  Raleigh  began  his 
efforts.  This  fact  assumes  more  importance  when 
we  remember  that  civilization  has  made  the  greatest 
progress  in  those  parts  of  America  where  the 
English  became  dominant  In  South  America, 
dominated  by  the  Spaniards,  civilization  has  made 
no  strides,  while  in  the  United  States  a  new  nation 
has  arisen  whose  ultimate  destiny  none  may  limit 
or  foretell.  As  the  gates  of  a  new  century  open 
and  disclose  almost  unlimited  fields  for  human 
progress,  this  new  nation,  with  an  enthusiasm  and 
courage  born  of  success,  has  taken  her  place  to 
lead  in  the  eternal  forward  search  for  better  op- 


PREFACE  7 

portunities  and  higher  life  for  the  human  race. 
All  this  grand  destiny,  all  this  ripening  opportunity, 
like  a  harvest  from  a  few  seeds,  is  traced  back, 
event  after  event,  to  the  early  struggles  of  those 
who  braved  the  dangers  of  sea  and  forest  in  the 
attempts  to  colonize  America.  Those  pioneer 
efforts,  so  generously  promoted  by  Sir  Walter 
Raleigh,  though  only  partially  successful,  were  the 
stepping-stones  which  later  led  to  the  better-known 
settlement  of  Jamestown,  in  Virginia.  A  brief 
resume  of  those  stepping-stones  will  make  them 
familiar  to  all. 

In  1584  Queen  Elizabeth  made  a  grant  to 
Raleigh  for  all  the  land  from  Nova  Scotia  to 
Florida,  which  was  called  Virginia,  in  honor  of  the 
Virgin  Queen,  as  Elizabeth  was  called. 

The  first  expedition  sent  out  under  this  grant 
was  in  the  same  year,  1584,  and  was  entirely  at 
the  expense  of  Sir  Walter  Raleigh,  as  were  all  of 
the  expeditions  up  to  1590.  It  was  solely  for  the 
purpose  of  exploration,  and  was  under  the  com 
mand  of  Amadas  and  Barlowe,  who,  after  coast 
ing  along  the  Atlantic  shores,  entered  Pamlico 
Sound  and  landed  on  the  island  of  Roanoak, 
on  the  coast  of  the  present  State  of  North  Carolina. 
They  made  the  acquaintance  of  the  tribes  there 


8  PREFACE 

resident,  explored  the  country  on  the  coast,  and 
returned  to  England  to  bear  enthusiastic  testimony 
to  the  delightsomeness  of  the  country.  They  took 
with  them  back  to  England  two  native  Indian 
chiefs,  Manteo  and  Wanchese,  who  returned  to 
America  on  a  subsequent  voyage,  as  the  official 
records  tell. 

The  following  year,  1585,  a  colony  of  one 
hundred  and  seven  men  landed  on  this  same  island 
of  Roanoak.  They  came  organized  to  occupy 
and  possess  the  land  granted  to  Raleigh,  and  to 
secure  such  benefits  therefrom  as  in  those  days 
were  deemed  valuable.  They  remained  one  year, 
exploring  the  country  and  trying  to  establish  rela 
tions  with  the  Indians.  They  built  houses,  planted 
crops,  and  looked  forward  to  the  arrival  of  more 
men  and  food,  which  had  been  promised  from 
England.  But  no  ships  came,  provisions  grew 
scarce,  and  before  the  crops  they  had  planted  were 
mature  enough  to  harvest,  Sir  Francis  Drake,  the 
great  sea-rover  of  that  day,  appeared  off  the 
island  with  a  fleet  of  vessels. 

Knowing  the  dangers  of  that  coast,  he  did  not 
attempt  to  come  to  the  island,  but  sent  in  to  learn 
of  the  welfare  of  the  colony,  and  offered  to  supply 
their  immediate  needs.  They  asked,  among  other 


PREFACE  9 

things,  that  their  sick  and  weak  men  be  taken  back 
to  England,  that  food  for  those  who  remained  be 
given  them,  and  for  a  vessel  in  which  they  might 
return  home  if  they  so  desired,  all  of  which  Drake 
granted.  But  a  dreadful  storm  arose,  which  lasted 
three  days  and  drove  the  promised  vessel  out  to 
sea,  with  a  goodly  number  of  the  colonists  and 
the  promised  food  on  board.  Seeing  thus  a  part 
of  their  number  and  their  food  gone,  the  remain 
ing  colonists  became  homesick  and  panic-stricken 
and  begged  Drake  to  take  them  all  to  England, 
which  he  did.  Thus  ended  the  first  attempt  at 
English  colonization  in  North  America. 

Fifteen  days  after  their  departure  Sir  Richard 
Grenville  arrived  with  three  vessels,  bringing  the 
promised  supplies,  but  found  the  men  gone. 
Wishing  to  hold  the  country  for  England  until 
another  colony  could  arrive,  he  left  fifteen  men 
on  the  island  with  provisions  for  two  years,  and  he 
returned  to  England.  Those  fifteen  men  are  sup 
posed  to  have  been  murdered  and  captured  by 
the  Indians,  as  the  next  colony  found  only  some 
bones,  a  ruined  fort,  and  empty  houses  in  which 
deer  were  feeding. 

The  leaving  of  those  fifteen  men  is  considered 
the  second  attempt  at  colonization,  and  is  recog- 


io  PREFACE 

nized  as  a  failure.  But  all  success  is  built  only 
by  persistent  repetition  of  effort,  and  so,  in  1587, 
another  colony  came  from  England  to  this  same 
island  of  Roanoak.  Among  those  colonists  were 
seventeen  women  and  nine  children,  thus  proving 
the  intention  of  making  permanent  homes,  and 
the  hope  of  establishing  family  ties  which  should 
for  all  time  unite  England  and  North  America. 
A  few  days  after  the  arrival  of  this  colony  at 
Roanoak,  Virginia  Dare  was  born, — she  being  the 
first  child  born  of  English  parents  on  the  soil  of 
North  America, — and  because  she  was  the  first 
child  born  in  Virginia  she  was  called  Virginia. 
Her  mother,  Eleanor  Dare,  was  the  daughter  of 
John  White,  the  governor  of  the  colony,  and  the 
wife  of  one  of  the  assistant  governors. 

The  Sunday  following  her  birth  she  was  baptized, 
this  being  another  fact  of  official  record. 

By  Sir  Walter  Raleigh's  command  the  rite  of 
baptism  had  been  administered,  a  few  days  earlier, 
to  Manteo,  an  Indian  chief,  who  had  visited 
England  with  a  returning  expedition,  as  previously 
mentioned.  This  baptism  of  the  adult  Indian  and 
of  the  white  infant  were  the  first  Christian  sacra 
ments  administered  in  North  America,  and  are 
worthy  of  commemoration. 


PREFACE  1 1 

The  colonists  soon  found  that  to  make  possible 
and  permanent  their  home  in  a  new  land  many 
things  were  needed  more  than  they  had  provided. 
So  at  their  urgent  request  their  leader,  Governor 
White,  grandfather  of  Virginia  Dare,  consented 
to  return  to  England  to  secure  the  needed  sup 
plies,  with  which  he  was  to  return  to  them  the 
following  year.  When  White  reached  England  he 
found  war  going  on  with  Spain,  and  England 
threatened  with  an  invasion  by  the  famous  Spanish 
Armada.  His  queen  needed  and  demanded  his 
services,  and  not  until  1590 — three  years  later — did 
he  succeed  in  returning  to  America.  When  at  last 
he  came  the  colonists  had  disappeared,  and  the 
only  clue  to  their  fate  was  the  word  "Croatoan," 
which  he  found  carved  on  a  tree ;  it  having  been 
agreed  between  them  that  if  they  changed  their 
place  of  abode  in  his  absence  they  would  carve 
on  a  tree  the  name  of  the  place  to  which  they 
had  gone. 

The  arrival  of  those  colonists,  the  birth  and 
baptism  of  Virginia  Dare,  the  return  of  White  to 
England,  the  disappearance  of  the  colony,  and  the 
finding  of  the  word  Croatoan,  these  facts  form 
the  record  of  that  colony,  the  disappearance  of 
which  is  a  mystery  which  history  has  not  solved. 


i 2  PREFACE 

But  tradition  illumines  many  periods  of  the 
past  which  history  leaves  in  darkness,  and  tradi 
tion  tells  how  this  colony  found  among  friendly 
Indians  a  refuge  from  the  dangers  of  Roanoak 
Island,  and  how  this  infant  grew  into  fair  maiden 
hood,  and  was  changed  by  the  sorcery  of  a  re 
jected  lover  into  a  white  doe,  which  roamed  the 
lonely  island  and  bore  a  charmed  life,  and  how 
finally  true  love  triumphed  over  magic  and  restored 
her  to  human  form, — only  to  result  in  the  death 
of  the  maiden  from  a  silver  arrow  shot  by  a  cruel 
chieftain. 

This  tradition  of  a  white  doe  and  a  silver 
arrow  has  survived  through  three  centuries,  and 
not  only  lingers  where  the  events  occurred,  but 
some  portions  of  it  are  found  wherever  in  our 
land  forests  abound  and  deer  abide.  From  Maine 
to  Florida  lumbermen  are  everywhere  familiar 
with  an  old  superstition  that  to  see  a  white  doe 
is  an  evil  omen.  In  some  localities  lumbermen 
will  quit  work  if  a  white  deer  is  seen.  That 
such  a  creature  as  a  white  deer  really  exists  is 
demonstrated  by  their  capture  and  exhibition  in 
menageries,  and  to-day  the  rude  hunters  of  the 
Alleghany  Mountains  believe  that  only  a  silver 
arrow  will  kill  a  white  deer. 


PREFACE  13 

The  disappearance  of  this  colony  has  been  truly 
called  "the  tragedy  of  American  colonization," 
and  around  it  has  hung  a  pathetic  interest  which 
ever  leads  to  renewed  investigation,  in  the  hope 
of  solving  the  mystery.  From  recent  search  into 
the  subject  by  students  of  history  a  chain  of 
evidence  has  been  woven  from  which  it  has  come 
to  be  believed  that  the  lost  colony,  hopeless  of 
succor  from  England,  and  deprived  of  all  other 
human  associations,  became  a  part  of  a  tribe  of 
friendly  Croatoan  Indians,  shared  their  wander 
ings,  and  intermarried  with  them,  and  that  their 
descendants  are  to  be  found  to-day  among  the 
Croatoan  Indians  of  Robeson  County,  North 
Carolina. 

(Those  who  desire  to  investigate  this  supposed 
solution  of  the  mystery  can  easily  secure  the  facts 
and  the  conclusions  formed  by  those  who  have 
made  a  careful  study  of  the  subject) 

Of  course,  it  can  never  be  known  certainly 
whether  Virginia  Dare  was  or  was  not  of  that 
number,  but  the  full  tradition  of  her  life  among 
the  Indians  is  embodied  in  the  legend  of  The 
White  Doe. 

Much  has  been  written  about  the  Indian  prin 
cess  Pocahontas,  and  much  sentiment  has  clustered 


i4  PREFACE 

around  her  association  with  the  Jamestown  colony, 
while  few  have  given  thought  to  the  young  English 
girl  whose  birth,  baptism,  and  mysterious  disap 
pearance  link  her  forever  with  the  earlier  tragedies 
of  the  same  era  of  history.  It  seems  a  strange 
coincidence  that  the  Indian  maiden  Pocahontas, 
friend  and  companion  of  the  White  Man,  having 
adopted  his  people  as  her  own,  should  sleep  in 
death  on  English  soil,  while  the  English  maiden, 
Virginia  Dare,  friend  and  companion  of  the  Red 
Man,  having  adopted  his  people  as  her  own,  should 
sleep  in  death  on  American  soil, — the  two  maidens 
thus  exchanging  nationality,  and  linking  in  life 
and  in  death  the  two  countries  whose  destinies 
seem  most  naturally  to  intermingle. 

The  scattered  fragments  of  this  legend  have 
been  carefully  collected  and  woven  into  symmetry 
for  preservation.  Notes  from  authentic  sources 
have  been  appended  for  the  benefit  of  searchers 
into  the  historical  basis  of  the  poem,  which  is 
offered  to  the  public  with  the  hope  that  it  may 
increase  interest  in  the  early  history  of  our  home 
land  and  strengthen  the  tie  which  binds  England 
and  the  United  States. 

SALLIE  SOUTHALL  GOTTEN. 


CONTENTS 


PAGE 

FORGOTTEN  FACTS  AND  FANCIES  OF  AMERICAN  HIS 
TORY    i 

PREFACE    5 

PROLOGUE 19 

THE  SEEDS  OF  TRUTH 23 

THE  LEGEND  OF  THE  WHITE  DOE 

I. — THE  REFUGEES 31 

II. — THE  PALE-FACE  MAIDEN 42 

III. — SAVAGE  SORCERY 46 

IV. — THE  COUNTER-CHARM 55 

V. — THE  HUNT 63 

VI.   -THE  SILVER  ARROW 72 

APPENDIX   .               ....  81 


ILLUSTRATIONS 


/  "  While  within  its  bright' ning  dimness. 
With  the  misty  halo  'round  her, 
Stood  a  beautiful  white  maiden'  FRONTISPIECE 

2  A  Scuppernong  Vineyard,  Roanoak  Island  x 

3  Old  "  Mother"  Scuppernong  Vine  xii 

4  Among  the  Scuppernongs. — A  Modern  Vineyard  xiv 
3  A  "  Virginia  Dare' '  Vineyard  xvi 

6  The  Arrival  of  the  Englishmen  in  Virginia  23 

7  ' '  The   Fierce,    firawny  Red  Man  is  King  of  the 

Wold"  24 

8  The  Land-of-  Wind-and-  Water  32 

9  Man-te-o,  a  Chiefe  Lorde  of  Roanoak  34. 

10  ' '  Then  a  New  Canoe  he  fashioned1 '  32 

11  The  Magician  of  Po-mou-ik  jS 

Frontispiece  from  an  original  drawing  by  May  Louise 
Barrett. 

Maps  and  remaining  illustrations  reproduced  from 
Theodore  de  Bry's  edition  of  "The  True  Pictures  and 
Fashions  of  the  People  in  that  Parte  of  America  now 
called  Virginia,"  1590. 


PROLOGUE 


IN  the  tomb  of  vanished  ages  sleep  th"  ungarnered  truths 

of  Time, 
Where  the  pall  of  silence  covers  deeds  of  honor  and  of 

crime ; 
Deeds   of  sacrifice  and  danger,   which  the  careless  earth 

forgets, 
There,  in  ever-deep' ning  shadows,  lie  embalmed  in  mute 

regrets. 
Would-be-gleaners  of  the   Present  vainly  grope  amid  this 

gloom  ; 
Flowers  of  Truth  to  be  immortal   must  be  gathered  while 

they  bloom, 
Else  they  pass  into  the  Silence,  man's  neglect  their  only 

blight, 
And  the  Gleaner  of  the  Ages  stores  them  far  from  human 

sight. 
Yet   a   perfume,    sweet   and    subtle,    lingers    where    each 

flower  grew, 
Rising  from  the  shattered  petals,  bathed  and  freshened  by 

the  dew  ; 
And   this   perfume,  in  the  twilight,  forms  a  mist  beneath 

the  skies, 
Out  of  which,   like  airy  phantoms,   legends  and  traditions 

rise  ; 
For  the  Seeds  of  Truth  are  buried  in   a   legend's  inmost 

heart, 

To  transplant  them  in  the  sunlight  justifies  the  poet's  art. 

19 


THE   SEEDS   OF  TRUTH 


I* 

^ 


(» 
w 

ore 


THE   SEEDS   OF   TRUTH 

ROAN  OAK,     1587 

SHIMMERING  waters,  aweary  of  tossing, 
Hopeful  of  rest,  ripple  on  to  the  shore  ; 
Dimpling  with  light,  as  they  waver  and  quiver, 
Echoing  faintly  the  ocean's  wild  roar. 
Locked  in  the  arms  of  the  tremulous  waters 
Nestles  an  island,  with  beauty  abloom, 
Where  the  warm  kiss  of  an  amorous  summer 
Fills  all  the  air  with  a  languid  perfume. 
Windward,  the  roar  of  the  turbulent  breakers 
Warns  of  the  dangers  of  rock  and  of  reef; 
Burdened  with  mem'ries  of  sorrowful  shipwreck, 
They  break  on  the  sands  in  torrents  of  grief 
Leeward,  the  forest,  grown  giant  in  greenness, 
Shelters  a  land  where  a  fervid  sun  shines  ; 
Wild  with  the  beauty  of  riotous  nature, 
Thick  with  the  tangles  of  fruit-laden  vines.* 
From  fragrant  clusters,  grown  purple  with  ripeness, 
Rare,  spicy  odors  float  out  to  the  sea,f 
Where  the  gray  gulls  flit  with  restless  endeavor, 
Skimming  the  waves  in  their  frolicsome  glee. 

*  See  Appendix,  Note  a.  f  See  Appendix,  Note  b. 

23 


24  THE   SEEDS   OF   TRUTH 

Out    from     the    shore    stalks     the     stately    white 

heron, 

Seeking  his  food  from  the  deep  without  fear, 
Gracefully  waving  wide  wings  as  he  rises 
When  the  canoe  of  the  Indian  draws  near. 
Through  reedy  brake  and  the  tangled  sea-grasses 
Wander  the  stag  and  the  timid-eyed  doe  * 
Down  to  the  water's  edge,  watchful  and  wary 
For  arrows  that  fly  from  the  red  hunter's  bow. 
Fearless  Red  Hunter  !    his  birthright  the  forest, 
Lithe  as  the  antelope,  joyous  and  free. 
Trusting    his    bow    for    his    food    and    his    free 
dom, 

Wresting  a  tribute  from  forest  and  sea, 
No  chilling  forecast  of  doom  in  the  future 
Daunts  his  brave  spirit,  by  freedom  made  bold. 
Far  o'er  the  wildwood  he  roams  at  his  pleasure, 
The  fierce,  brawny  Red  Man  is  king  of  the  wold. 
****** 

Lo  !  in  the  offing  the  white  sails  are  gleaming, 
Ships  from  afar  to  the  land  drawing  nigh  ; 
Laden  with  men,  strong  and  brave  to  meet  dan 
ger, 
Stalwart  of  form,  fair  of  skin,  blue  of  eye. 

*  See  Appendix,  Note  c. 


THE   SEEDS   OF   TRUTH  25 

Boldly  they  land  where  the  white  man  is  alien  ; 
Women  are  with  them,  with  hearts  true  and  brave  ; 
Sadly  they  stand  where  their  countrymen  perished,* 
Seeking  a  home  where  they  found  but  a  grave. 

Friendly  red  hunters  greet  them  with  kindness, 
Tell  the  sad  tale  how  their  countrymen  died,f 
Beg  for  a  token  of  friendship  and  safety,  f 
Promise  in  love  and  in  peace  to  abide. 
Manteo's  heart  glows  with  friendly  remembrance, 
He    greets    them    as    brothers    and    offers    good 

cheer ; 

No  thrill  of  welcome  is  felt  by  Wanchese,J 
His  heart  is  bitter  with  malice  and  fear. 
Envying  men  his  superiors  in  wisdom, 
Fearing  a  race  his  superiors  in  skill ; 
Sullen  and  silent  he  watches  the  strangers, 
Whom  from  the  first  he  determines  to  kill. 

Then   the  sign   of  the  Cross,  on  the  brow  of  the 

Indian,§ 

Seals  to  the  savage  the  promise  of  life  ; 
Sweet  symbol  of  sacrifice,  emblem  of  duty, 
Standard  of  Peace,  though  borne  amidst  strife  : 

*  See  Appendix,  Note  d.  \  Pronounced  Wan-chess-e. 

f  See  Appendix,  Note  «.  #  See  Appendix,  Note  /. 


26  THE   SEEDS   OF  TRUTH 

Draped  with  the  sombre,  stained  banner  of  Con 
quest, 

Dark  with  the  guilt  of  man's  murder  and  greed, 

Yet  bright  with  God's  message  of  love  and  for 
giveness 

Unto  a  universe  welded  to  creed. 

Gently  the  morning  breeze  tosses  the  tree-tops, 

Low  ebbs  the  tide  on  the  outlying  sand  ; 

When  a  tiny  white  babe  opens  eyes  to  the  sun- 
light,* 

Heaven's  sweet  pledge  for  the  weal  of  the 
land. 

Babe  of  the  Wilderness  !  tenderly  cherished  ! 

Signed  with  the  Cross  on  the  next  Sabbath 
Day; 

Brave  English  Mother  !  through  danger  and  sor 
row, 

For  a  nation  of  Christians  thou  leadest  the  way. 

Back  to  the  home-land,  across  the  deep  water, 
Goes  the  wise  leader,  their  needs  to  abate  ;  f 
Leaving  with  sorrow  the  babe  and  its  mother 
In  a  strange  land  as  a  hostage  to  Fate. 

*  See  Appendix,  Note  g.  f  See  Appendix,  Note  h. 


THE   SEEDS   OF   TRUTH  27 

Many  long  months  pass  in  busy  home-making, 
Sweet  English  customs  prevail  on  the  isle  ; 
Anxious  eyes  watch  for  the  ship  in  the  offing, 
Saddened  hearts  droop,  but  the  lips  bravely  smile. 

Gone  are  the  sweet  dreamy  days  of  the  summer, 
In  from  the  ocean  the  winter  winds  shriek ; 
Dangers  encompass  and  enemies  threaten, 
Mother  and  child  other  refuge  must  seek. 
Mother  and  child,  as  in  Bethlehem  story, 
Flee  from  the  hate  of  their  blood-thirsty  foes ; 
Hopeless  of  help  from  their  own  land  and  people, 
They  seek   friendly  tribes   to   find   rest  from   their 
woes. 

To  the  fair  borders  of  Croatoan  Island, 
Over  the  night-covered  waters  they  flee ; 
Seeking  for  safety  with  Manteo's  people, 
Leaving  the  word  "Croatoan"  on  a  tree.* 
Name  of  the  refuge  in  which  they  sought  shelter, 
Only  the  name  of  a  tribe,  nothing  more ;  * 
Sign  whereby  those  who  would  seek  them  might 

follow 
To  their  new  home  on  the  Croatoan's  shore. 

*  See  Appesdix,  Note  k. 


28  THE   SEEDS   OF   TRUTH 

Why    did    they    leave    the    rude    fort    they    had 

builded  ? 

Why  did  they  seek  far  away  a  new  home? 
O  innocent  babe  !    Roanoak's  lost  nestling ! 
How  shall  we  learn  where  thy  footsteps  did  roam  ? 
'Mid  the  rude  tribes  of  the  primeval  forest, 
Bearing  the  signet  of  Christ  on  thy  brow, 
Wert  thou  the  teacher  and  guide  of  the  savage  ? 
Who,  of  thy  mission,  can  aught  tell  us  now  ? 
Through  the  dim  ages  comes  only  the  perfume, 
Left  where  the  flowers  of  Truth  fell  to  earth ; 
With  ne'er  a  gleaner  to  treasure  the  blossoms, 
Save  the  sweet  petals  of  baptism  and  birth. 
Vainly  we  seek  on  Time's  shore  for  thy  footprints, 
Hid  in  a  mist  of  pathos  is  thy  fate  ; 
Yet  of  a  life  under  savage  enchantment 
Quaint  Indian  legends  do  strangely  relate. 


THE   LEGEND  OF  THE  WHITE  DOE 


THE   REFUGEES 

IN  the  Land-of-Wind-and- Water, 
Loud  the  sea  bemoaned  its  sameness  ; 
Dashing  shoreward  with  impatience 
To  explore  the  landward  mysteries. 
On  the  sand  the  waves  spread  boldly, 
Vainly  striving  to  reach  higher ; 
Then  abashed  by  vain  ambition, 
Glided  to  their  ordained  duty. 
There  the  pine-tree,  tall  and  stately, 
Whispered  low  the  ocean's  murmur ; 
Strove  to  soothe  the  restless  waters 
With  its  lullaby  of  sighing. 
There  the  tall  and  dank  sea-grasses, 
From  the  storm-tide  gathered  secrets 
Of  the  caverns  filled  with  treasures, 
Milky  pearls  and  tinted  coral, 
Stores  of  amber  and  of  jacinth, 
In  the  caves  festooned  with  sea-weed, 
Where  the  Sea-King  held  his  revels 
And  the  Naiads  danced  in  beauty. 

3» 


32  THE   REFUGEES 

In  this  Land-of-Wind-and-Water, 
Dowered  with  the  sunshine's  splendor, 
Juicy  grapes  grew  in  profusion, 
Draping  all  the  trees  with  greenness, 
And  the  maize  grew  hard  and  yellow, 
With  the  sunshine  in  its  kernels. 
Through  the  forest  roamed  the  black  bear, 
And  the  red  deer  boldly  herded ; 
Through  the  air  flew  birds  of  flavor, 
And  the  sea  was  full  of  fishes, 
Till  the  Red  Man  knew  no  hunger, 
And  his  wigwam  hung  with  trophies. 

There  brave  Man-te-o,  the  Faithful, 
Ruled  the  Cro-a-to-ans  with  firmness, 
Dwelt  in  peace  beside  the  waters, 
Smoked  his  pipe  beneath  the  pine-tree, 
Gazed  with  pride  upon  his  bear-skins 
Which  hung  ready  for  the  winter. 
Told  his  people  all  the  marvels 
Of  the  Land-of-the-Pale-Faces  ; 
Of  the  ships  with  wings  like  sea-birds 
Wherein  he  had  crossed  the  water ;  * 
Of  the  Pale-Face  Weroanzaf 

*  See  Appendix,  Note  /.  f  Queen  Elizabeth. 


The  Land 


C  A       W       A 


*•  "A 


W     E      A      P      E     -» 


I -"     m^m- 


'•:;-  :-  -"-::  i 

fr^J    ^-••-.»-->^   .,     £   ;4&;<xirt*<   v-^.   *>%-    5- 


/ind  -and-  Water 


THE   REFUGEES  33 

Whom  he  saw  in  her  own  country  ; 

Of  her  robes  of  silken  texture, 

Of  her  wisdom  and  her  power ; 

Told  them  of  her  warlike  people 

And  their  ships  which  breathed  the  lightning. 

How  he  pledged  with  them  a  friendship, 

Hoping  they  would  come  to  teach  him 

How  to  make  his  people  mighty, 

How  to  make  them  strong  in  battle 

So  the  other  tribes  would  fear  them. 

And  the  dream  of  future  greatness 

Filled  the  Cro-a-to-ans  with  courage  ; 

And  their  hearts  grew  warm  and  friendly 

To  the  race  of  white-faced  strangers. 

When  bold  white  men  came  among  them, 
To  the  isle  of  Ro-a-no-ak, 
Man-te-o,  the  friendly  Weroance, 
Faithful  proved  to  all  his  pledges. 
Smoked  with  them  the  pipe  of  friendship, 
Took  their  God  to  be  his  Father  ; 
Took  upon  his  swarthy  forehead 
Their  strange  emblem  of  salvation,* 
Emblem  of  the  One  Great  Spirit, 
Father  of  all  tribes  and  nations. 

*  See  Appendix,  Note  / 
3 


34  THE   REFUGEES 

Man-te-o,  the  friend  and  brother, 
Bade  them  fear  the  false  Wan-ches-e, 
And  the  Weroance  Win-gin-a, 
Whose  hearts  burned  with  bitter  hatred 
For  the  men  they  feared  in  combat, 
For  the  strangers  who  defied  them. 

When  the  Pale-Face,  weak  and  hungry, 
Feeble  from  continued  labor, 
Shivered  in  the  blasts  of  winter 
Which  blew  cold  across  the  water, 
Then  Wan-ches-e  planned  their  ruin, 
With  Win-gin-a  sought  to  slay  them. 

To  the  isle  of  Ro-a-no-ak, 
Where  the  Pale-Face  slept  unguarded, 
Sped  the  swift  canoes  of  Red  Men, 
Gliding  through  the  silent  shadows. 
As  the  sky  grew  red  with  dawning,* 
While  they  dreamed  of  home  and  kindred, 
Suddenly  with  whoop  of  murder 
Wily  Indians  swarmed  around  them. 

Skill  of  Pale-Face,  craft  of  Red  Man, 
Met  in  fierce,  determined  battle  ; 

*  See  Appendix,  Note  m. 


Man-te-o,  a  chiefe  lorde  of  Roanottk 


THE   REFUGEES  35 

While  within  the  Fort  called  Ralegh 
Many  arrows  fell,  like  raindrops. 
Arrows  tipped  with  serpent's  poison, 
Arrows  tipped  with  blazing  rosin, 
Winged  with  savage  thirst  for  murder, 
Aimed  with  cruel  skill  to  torture. 
Threatened  by  the  blazing  roof-tree 
Then  the  Pale-Face  crouched  in  terror ; 
Saw  the  folly  of  resistance, 
Feared  his  doom,  and  fled  for  safety. 

Man-te-o,  alert  for  danger, 
From  afar  saw  signs  of  conflict ; 
Saw  the  waves  of  smoke  ascending 
Heavenward,  like  prayers  for  rescue. 
Swift,  with  boats  and  trusty  warriors, 
Crossed  he  then  to  Ro-a-no-ak ; 
Strong  to  help  his  Pale- Face  brothers, 
Faithful  to  his  friendly  pledges. 

As  the  daylight  slowly  faded, 
Hopeless  of  the  bloody  struggle, 
Stealthily  the  Pale-Face  warriors 
Fled  with  Man-te-o' s  brave  people. 
Left  they  then  the  Fort  called  Ralegh, 
Left  the  dead  within  its  stockade  ; 


36  THE   REFUGEES 

Sought  another  island  refuge, 
Hoping  there  to  rest  in  safety. 

Man-te-o  sought  for  the  mother,* 
She  with  babe  there  born  and  nurtured 
'Neath  the  shadow  of  disaster, 
In  the  Land-of-Wind-and-Water. 
"Come,"  said  he,  "the  darkness  falleth, 
All  your  people  must  flee  henceward  ; 
Wan-ches-e  will  show  no  mercy, 
You  must  not  become  his  captive. 
Take  the  papoose  from  thy  bosom, 
Call  the  white  chief  whom  thou  lovest, 
Haste  with  me  upon  the  flood-tide 
To  my  wigwam  on  Wo-ko-kon." 

Noiseless,  she  amid  the  conflict 
Sought  her  heart's  mate  to  flee  with  her ; 
Useless  all  the  strife  and  courage, 
Useless  all  the  rude  home-making  ; 
Shrine  for  worship,  fort  for  safety, 
Hope  of  future  peace  and  plenty, 
All  were  vain  ;   yet  life  we  cherish, 
Far  above  all  boons  we  hold  it : 
So  she  hastened  on  her  mission 
For  the  life  of  self  and  loved  ones. 

*  Eleanor  Dare. 


THE   REFUGEES  37 

As  they  neared  the  island  border, 
Pale-Face  husband,  child,  and  mother, 
Man-te-o  in  silence  leading, 
Every  sense  alive  to  danger, 
Suddenly  the  Pale-Face  father 
Thought  him  of  the  parting  caution 
Given  by  their  absent  leader  : 
If  they  fled  in  search  of  safety 
On  a  tree  to  leave  a  token, 
Whereby  he  might  surely  find  them, 
In  the  land  which  gave  them  shelter, 
When  he  came  again  to  seek  them.* 

By  his  side  a  sturdy  live-oak 
Spread  its  green,  protecting  branches  ; 
Quick  he  strove  to  carve  the  token 
Which  should  speak  to  all  who  followed. 
C.  R.  O.,  in  bold,  plain  letters* 
Cut  he  in  the  tree's  firm  body, 
When  a  random,  poisoned  arrow 
Pierced  his  heart,  and  he  fell  lifeless. 

With  a  smothered  cry  of  horror, 
In  an  agony  of  sorrow, 

*  See  Appendix,  Note  k. 


38  THE   REFUGEES 

She  would  fain  have  lingered  near  him, 
But  that  Man-te-o  urged  onward. 
If  discovered,  flight  was  futile, 
Weakness  now  meant  worse  disaster ; 
She  must  save  her  helpless  baby 
Though  her  heart  be  rent  with  anguish. 

Frantic  with  love's  desolation, 

Strong  with  thoughts  of  home  and  father, 

With  a  woman's  wondrous  calmness 

When  great  peril  calls  for  action, 

Safe  she  placed  the  sleeping  infant 

'Cross  the  brawny  arms  of  Man-te-o, 

While  with  knife  drawn  from  his  girdle 

Carved  she  on  another  live-oak 

Plain,  the  one  word  "  CROATOAN"  * 

As  a  sign  to  all  her  people. 

Trusting  all  to  savage  friendship, 

Cutting  hope  with  every  letter, 

Praying  God  to  guide  her  father 

To  the  haven  she  was  seeking. 

Trust  is  woman's  strongest  bulwark, 
All  true  manhood  yields  unto  it. 


*  See  Appendix,  Note  k. 


THE   REFUGEES  39 

As  her  sad  eyes  turned  upon  him 
Man-te-o  was  moved  with  pity 
For  the  brave  and  tender  woman, 
Friendless  in  the  land  without  him. 

On  the  brow  of  Pale-Face  baby 
First  he  made  the  Holy  Cross-Sign  ; 
Then  upon  the  sad-eyed  mother 
Traced  the  sign  her  people  taught  him  ; 
Then  again  the  sacred  symbol 
Outlined  on  his  own  dark  forehead  ; 
And  with  open  hand  uplifted 
Sealed  his  promise  of  protection  ; 
Linking  thus  his  pledge  of  safety 
With  her  faith  in  Unseen  Power. 

Mute  with  grief,  she  trusted  in  him  ; 
In  his  boat  they  crossed  the  water, 
While  the  night  fell  like  a  mantle 
Spread  in  mercy  to  help  save  them. 

When  in  Cro-a-to-an  they  landed, 
There  they  found  the  few  survivors 
Of  that  day  of  doom  to  many, 
Glad  once  more  to  greet  each  other. 
Man-te-o  within  his  wigwam 


40  THE   REFUGEES 

From  the  cold  wind  gave  them  shelter, 
Shared  with  them  his  furry  bear-skins, 
Made  them  warm,  and  warmth  gave  courage 
To  meet  life's  relentless  duties. 

Then  he  summoned  all  the  people, 
Called  the  old  men  and  the  young  men, 
Bade  the  squaws  to  come  and  listen, 
Showed  the  papoose  to  the  women. 
They  gazed  on  its  tender  whiteness, 
Stroked  the  mother's  flaxen  tresses  ; 
"'Tis  a  snow-papoose"  they  whispered, 
"  It  will  melt  when  comes  the  summer." 

Man-te-o  said  to  the  warriors  : 
"Ye  all  know  these  Pale-Face  people 
Whom  Wan-ches-e  sought  to  murder, 
They  have  often  made  us  welcome. 
Brave  their  hearts,  but  few  are  living, 
If  left  friendless  these  will  perish  ; 
We  have  store  of  corn  and  venison, 
They  are  hungry,  let  us  feed  them  ; 
They  have  lightning  for  their  arrows, 
Let  them  teach  us  how  to  shoot  it. 
They  with  us  shall  search  the  forest, 
And  our  game  shall  be  abundant ; 


THE   REFUGEES  41 

Let  them  teach  us  their  strange  wisdom 
And  become  with  us  one  people." 

And  the  old  men,  grave  in  counsel, 
And  the  young  men,  mute  with  deference, 
While  the  uppowoc*  was  burning, 
Pondered  on  his  words  thus  spoken, 
And  to  Man-te-o  gave  answer : 
"All  your  words  are  full  of  wisdom; 
We  will  share  with  them  our  venison, 
They  shall  be  as  our  own  people." 

From  the  isle  of  Ro-a-no-ak 
Thus  the  Pale-Face  fled  for  succor, 
Thus  in  Cro-a-to-an's  fair  borders 
Found  a  home  with  friendly  Red  Men. 
Nevermore  to  see  white  faces, 
Nevermore  to  see  their  home-land, 
Yet  to  all  the  future  ages 
Sending  proof  of  honest  daring ; 
Forging  thus  a  link  of  effort 
In  the  chain  of  human  progress. 

*  Tobacco. 


II 

THE   PALE-FACE   MAIDEN 

NATURE  feels  no  throb  of  pity, 
Makes  no  pause  for  human  heartbreak  ; 
Though  with  agony  we  quiver, 
She  gives  forth  no  sign  of  feeling. 
Waxed  and  waned  the  moon,   in  season, 
Ebbed  and  flowed  the  tides  obedient  ; 
Summers  filled  the  land  with  plenty, 
Winters  chilled  the  summers'  ardor. 
No  winged  ships  gleamed  in  the  offing  ; 
No  Pale-Faces  sought  their  kindred  ; 
In  the  Land-of-Wind-and-Water 
Roamed  the  Red  Man  unmolested. 

While  the  babe  of  Ro-a-no-ak 
Grew  in  strength  and  wondrous  beauty  ; 
Like  a  flower  of  the  wildwood, 
Bloomed  beside  the  Indian  maidens. 
And  Wi-no-na  Ska  *  they  called  her, 
She  of  all  the  maidens  fairest. 

*  Literally,  "first-born  white  daughter." 
42 


THE   PALE-FACE   MAIDEN  43 

In  the  tangles  of  her  tresses 

Sunbeams  lingered,  pale  and  yellow ; 

In  her  eyes  the  limpid  blueness 

Of  the  noonday  sky  was  mirrored. 

And  the  squaws  of  darksome  features 

Smiled  upon  her  fair  young  beauty ; 

Felt  their  woman  hearts  within  them 

Warming  to  the  Pale-Face  maiden. 

And  the  braves,  who  scorned  all  weakness, 

Listened  to  her  artless  prattle, 

While  their  savage  natures  softened, 

Of  the  change  themselves  unconscious. 


Like  the  light  of  summer  morning 
Beaming  on  a  world  in  slumber 
Was  the  face  of  young  Wi-no-na 
To  the  Cro-a-to-ans  who  loved  her. 
She,  whose  mind  bore  in  its  dawning 
Impress  of  developed  races, 
To  the  rude,   untutored  savage 
Seemed  divinely  'do wed  with  reason. 
She,  the  heir  of  civilization, 
They,  the  slaves  of  superstition, 
Gave  to  her  a  silent  rev'rence, 
Growing  better  with  such  giving. 


44  THE   PALE-FACE   MAIDEN 

Oft  she  told  them  that  the  Cross-Sign, 
Made  by  Man-te-o  before  them 
When  he  talked  to  his  own  nation, 
Was  the  symbol  of  a  Spirit 
Great,  and  good,  and  wise,  and  loving ; 
He  who  kept  the  maize-fields  fruitful, 
He  who  filled  the  sea  with  fishes, 
He  who  made  the  sun  to  warm  them 
And  sent  game  to  feed  His  children. 


If,  when  in  their  games  or  councils, 

They  grew  quarrelsome  and  angry, 

Suddenly  among  them  standing 

Was  a  maiden  like  the  sunrise, 

Making  with  her  taper  finger 

This  strange  sign  which  they  respected  ; 

And  without  a  word  of  pleading 

Strife  and  wrath  would  no  more  vex  them, 

While  the  influence  of  her  presence 

Lingered  'round  them  like  enchantment. 


Thus  the  babe  of  Ro-a-no-ak 
Grew  to  be  the  joy  and  teacher 
Of  a  tribe  of  native  heathen 


THE   PALE-FACE   MAIDEN  45 

In  the  land  which  gave  her  shelter. 
And  the  tide  of  her  affections 
Flowed  to  those  who  gave  her  friendship  ; 
Whom  alone  she  knew  as  human, 
Whom  to  her  became  as  kindred. 


Ill 

SAVAGE   SORCERY 

MAN-TO-AC,  the  Mighty  Father, 

When  he  filled  the  earth  with  blessings, 

Deep  within  the  heart  of  Woman 

Hid  the  burning  Need-of-Loving ; 

Which  through  her  should  warm  the  ages 

With  a  flame  of  mutual  feeling, 

Throbbing  through  her  sons  and  daughters 

With  a  force  beyond  their  power. 

And  this  law  of  human  loving, 

Changeless  through  unending  changes, 

Fills  each  living  heart  with  yearning 

For  another  heart  to  love  it ; 

And  against  this  ceaseless  craving 

Creed,  nor  clime,  nor  color  standeth  ; 

Heart  to  heart  all  nature  crieth 

That  the  earth  may  thrill  with  gladness. 

So  the  young  braves  of  the  nation, 
Thrilled  with  love  for  fair  Wi-no-na, 
Made  rude  ornaments  to  please  her, 
46 


SAVAGE   SORCERY  47 

Laid  the  red  deer  at  her  wigwam. 
Brought  her  skins  of  furry  rabbits 
Soft  and  white  as  her  own  skin  was  ; 
Robbed  the  black  bear  and  the  otter 
That  her  bed  might  soft  and  warm  be. 
And  the  children  of  the  forest 
Were  uplifted  by  such  loving 
Of  a  higher  type  of  being, 
Who  yet  throbbed  with  human  instincts. 

Brave  O-kis-ko  loved  the  maiden 

With  a  love  which  made  him  noble  ; 

With  the  love  that  self-forgetting 

Fills  the  soul  with  higher  impulse. 

As  the  sun  with  constant  fervor, 

Heat  and  light  to  earth  bestowing, 

Seeks  for  no  return  of  blessing, 

Feels  no  loss  for  all  his  giving, 

So  O-kis-ko  loved  Wi-no-na, 

Gave  her  all  his  heart's  rude  homage, 

Felt  no  loss  for  all  his  giving, 

Loved  her  for  the  joy  of  loving. 

Scorned  he  all  fatigue  and  danger 

Which  would  bring  her  food  or  pleasure  ; 

And  each  day  brought  proof  of  fealty, 

For  his  deeds  were  more  than  language. 


48  SAVAGE    SORCERY 

For  her  sake  he  tried  to  fasten 

To  his  rude  canoe  white  pinions 

Like  the  winged  ships  of  the  white  man, 

That  with  her  he  might  sail  boldly 

Out  towards  the  rosy  sunrise, 

Seeking  for  her  lost  grandsire  * 

For  whose  coming  her  heart  saddened. 

Though  his  red  companions  mocked  him, 

His  endeavor  pleased  the  maiden, 

And  her  eyes  beamed  kindly  on  him, 

Though  no  passion  stirred  her  pulses. 

For  sweet  maiden  hopes  and  fancies 

Filled  her  life  with  happy  dreaming 

Ere  her  woman's  heart  awakened 

To  O-kis-ko's  patient  waiting. 

Waiting  for  her  eyes  to  brighten 

'Neath  the  ardor  of  his  glances  ; 

Waiting  for  her  soul  to  quicken 

With  the  answer  to  his  longing  ; 

Finding  sweet  content  in  silence, 

Glad  each  day  to  see  and  serve  her. 

Now  old  Chi-co,  the  Magician, 
Also  loved  the  fair  Wi-no-na, 

*  Governor  White,  of  the  lost  colony. 


SAVAGE   SORCERY  49 

All  his  youth  to  him  returning 
As  he  gazed  upon  her  beauty. 
In  his  wigwam  pelt  of  gray  wolf, 
Antlers  of  the  deer  and  bison, 
Hung  to  prove  his  deeds  of  valor  ; 
And  he  wooed  the  gentle  maiden 
With  his  cunning  tales  of  prowess. 

She  would  not  rebuke  his  boasting, 
Fearful  lest  her  words  offend  him ; 
For  her  nature  kind  and  loving 
Could  not  scorn  the  vaunting  Chi-co. 

When  he  walked  among  the  maidens, 
Gay  with  paint  and  decked  with  feathers, 
She  would  look  on  him  with  kindness 
That  the  others  might  not  scoff  him  ; 
She  would  smile  upon  his  weakness, 
Though  she  did  not  wish  to  wed  him. 

Chi-co's  love  was  fierce  as  fire 
Which  from  flame  yields  only  ashes  ; 
Which  gives  not  for  joy  of  giving, 
But  demands  unceasing  tribute, 
More  and  more  to  feed  its  craving. 
He  grew  eager  and  impatient, 

4 


5o  SAVAGE   SORCERY 

He  would  share  with  none  her  favor ; 
All  for  him  her  eyes  must  brighten, 
Else  his  frown  would  blight  her  pleasure. 

When  the  young  men  played  or  wrestled, 

If  O-kis-ko  came  out  victor ; 

Or  returning  with  the  hunters 

He  it  was  who  bore  the  stag  home  ; 

If  with  eyes  abrim  with  pleasure 

Sweet  Wi-no-na  smiled  upon  him, 

Or  with  timid  maiden  shyness 

Drooped  her  eyes  beneath  his  glances, 

Then  old  Chi-co's  heart  would  wither 

With  the  fire  of  jealous  fury, 

Till  at  length  in  bitter  anger 

He  determined  none  should  win  her, 

As  from  him  she  turned  in  coldness. 

Wrapped  in  silence  grim  and  sullen, 
Much  he  wandered  near  the  water  ; 
With  his  soul  he  took  dark  counsel, 
Seeking  for  devices  cruel 
For  the  torture  of  his  rival 
And  destruction  of  the  maiden. 

Though  he  rarely  used  his  power, 
Chi-co  was  a  great  magician. 


SAVAGE   SORCERY  51 

He  knew  all  the  spells  of  starlight 
And  the  link  'tween  moon  and  water ; 
Knew  the  language  of  lost  spirits 
And  the  secret  of  their  power ; 
Knew  the  magic  words  and  symbols 
Whereby  man  may  conquer  nature. 

Long  he  plotted, — much  he  brooded, 
While  he  gathered  from  the  water 
Mussel-pearls  all  streaked  and  pieded,* 
All  with  rays  like  purple  halos. 

Such  pearls  are  the  souls  of  Naiads 
Who  have  disobeyed  the  Sea-King, 
And  in  mussel-shells  are  prisoned 
For  this  taint  of  human  frailty. 
When  by  man  released  from  durance 
These  souls,  grateful  for  their  freedom, 
Are  his  slaves,  and  ever  render 
Good  or  evil  at  his  bidding. 

Chi-co  steeped  each  one  he  gathered 

In  a  bath  of  mystic  brewing ; 

Told  each  purple,  pieded  pearl-drop 

*  See  Appendix,  Note  n. 


52  SAVAGE   SORCERY 

What  the  evil  was  he  plotted. 
Never  once  his  purpose  wavered, 
Never  once  his  fury  lessened  ; 
Nursing  vengeance  as  a  guerdon 
While  the  mussel-pearls  he  polished. 

Then  a  new  canoe  he  fashioned, 

Safe,  and  strong,  and  deep  he  made  it ;  * 

And  then  sought  to  work  his  magic 

On  the  innocent  Wi-no-na  ; 

Asked  the  maiden  to  go  with  him 

In  his  boat  across  the  water. 

"  Come,"  said  he,   "  to  Ro-a-no-ak, 

Where  the  waves  are  white  with  blossoms, 

Where  the  grapes  hang  ripe  in  clusters, 

Come  with  me  and  drink  their  juices." 

And  the  innocent  Wi-no-na 
Listened  to  his  artful  pleading ; 
Went  with  him  in  search  of  pleasure, 
Glad  to  show  him  friendly  feeling. 

While  with  idle  stroke  they  floated 
To  the  fragrant  lily-blossoms, 

*  See  Appendix,  Note  o. 


SAVAGE   SORCERY  53 

He  a  string  of  pearls  gave  to  her, 
Smooth  and  polished,  pied  and  purple. 
'Round  her  snowy  neck  she  placed  them 
With  no  thought  of  harm  or  cunning  ; 
And  with  simple,  maiden  speeches 
Filled  the  time  as  they  sped  onward. 

To  each  pearl  had  Chi-co  chanted, 
Each  had  bathed  in  mystic  water, 
Each  held  fast  the  same  weird  power, 
Till  the  time  grew  ripe  for  evil. 
On  the  waves  they  could  not  harm  her, 
There  the  Sea-King  ruled  them  ever  ; 
But  when  on  the  shore  she  landed 
They  would  work  their  evil  mission. 

On  the  shore  of  Ro-a-no-ak 

Chi-co  sent  his  boat  with  vigor. 

Lithe  and  happy  she  sprang  shoreward, 

When, — from  where  her  foot  first  lightly 

Pressed  the  sand  with  human  imprint, — 

On — away — towards  the  thicket, 

Sprang  a  White  Doe,  fleet  and  graceful. 

His  revenge  thus  wrought  in  safety, 
Drifting  seaward  Chi-co  chanted  : 


54  SAVAGE   SORCERY 

"  Go,  White  Doe,  hide  in  the  forest, 
Feed  upon  the  sweet  wild-grasses ; 
No  winged  arrow  e'er  shall  harm  you, 
No  Red  Hunter  e'er  shall  win  you  ; 
Roam  forever,  fleet  and  fearless, 
Living  free  and  yet  in  fetters." 

O  fair  maiden  !    born  and  nurtured 
'Neath  the  shadow  of  disaster ! 
Isle  of  Fate  was  Ro-a-no-ak, 
In  the  Land-of-Wind-and-Water. 
Nevermore  to  fill  with  gladness 
The  sad  heart  of  stricken  mother  ; 
Nevermore  to  hear  the  wooing 
Of  the  brave  and  true  O-kis-ko. 
Gone  thy  charm  of  youthful  beauty, 
Gone  thy  sway  o'er  savage  natures  ; 
Doomed  to  flee  before  the  hunter, 
Doomed  to  roam  the  lonely  island, 
Doomed  to  bondage  e'en  in  freedom. 
Is  the  seal  of  doom  eternal  ? 
Hath  the  mussel-pearl  all  power? 
Cannot  love  thy  fetters  loosen? 


IV 

THE   COUNTER-CHARM 

MAW-TE-O  and  all  his  warriors 
Long  and  far  sought  for  Wi-no-na  ; 
Sought  to  find  the  sky-eyed  maiden 
Sent  by  Man-to-ac,  the  Mighty, 
To  the  Cro-a-to-ans  to  bless  them, 
And  to  make  them  wise  and  happy. 
As  a  being  more  than  mortal, 
As  a  deity  they  held  her ; 
And  when  no  more  seen  among  them 
Lamentations  filled  the  island. 
Through  Wo-ko-kon's  sandy  stretches, 
Through  the  bog-lands  of  Po-mou-ik, 
Even  unto  Das-a-mon-que-peu, 
Hunted  they  the  missing  maiden  ; 
If  perchance  some  other  nation, 
Envious  of  their  peace  and  plenty, 
Had  the  maiden  boldly  captured, 
For  themselves  to  win  her  power. 
Louder  grew  their  lamentations 
When  they  found  no  trail  to  follow ; 

55 


56  THE   COUNTER-CHARM 

Wilder  grew  their  threats  of  vengeance 
'Gainst  the  tribe  which  held  her  captive. 

While  they  wailed  the  Pale-Face  Mother, 
She  who  once  was  brave  for  love's  sake, 
Weak  from  hardships  new  and  wearing, 
Utterly  bereft  of  kindred, 
Her  heart's  comfort  thus  torn  from  her, 
Died  beneath  her  weight  of  sorrow. 
And  a  pity,  soft  and  human, 
Though  he  knew  no  name  to  call  it, 
Thrilled  the  Red  Man  as  he  laid  her 
'Neath  the  forest  leaves  to  slumber. 

But  the  wary,   wily  Chi-co 
Told  his  secret  unto  no  one, 
While  he  listened  to  the  stories, 
Strange  and  true,  told  by  the  hunters 
Of  a  fleet  and  graceful  White  Doe 
On  the  banks  of  Ro-a-no-ak. 
And  the  hunters  said,  no  arrow 
Howsoever  aimed  could  reach  her ; 
Said  the  deer  herd  round  her  gathered, 
And  where  e'er  she  led  they  followed. 

The  old  women  of  the  nation 

Heard  the  tales  about  this  White  Doe. 


THE   COUNTER-CHARM  57 

Children  they  of  superstition, 

With  their  faith  firm  in  enchantment, 

Linked  the  going  of  the  maiden 

With  the  coming  of  the  White  Doe. 

They  believed  in  magic  powers, 

They  knew  Chi-co's  hopeless  passion, 

So  th&y  shook  their  heads  and  whispered, 

Looked  mysterious  at  each  other, 

"  Ho,"   they  whispered  to  each  other, 

"  Chi-co  is  a  great  Magician, 

Chi-co  should  go  hunt  this  White  Doe  ; 

He  is  not  too  old  for  loving ; 

Love  keeps  step  with  Youth  and  Courage  ; 

Old  age  should  not  make  him  tremble. 

Timid  is  a  doe,  and  gentle 

Like  a  maiden, — like  Wi-no-na. 

Oho  !  Oho  !"  and  they  chuckled, 

Casting  dark  looks  at  old  Chi-co, 

"He,"  said  they,  "has  'witched  our  maiden." 

When  O-kis-ko  heard  the  whispers 
Of  the  garrulous  old  women, 
Glad  belief  he  gave  unto  them 
That  the  Doe  on  Ro-a-no-ak 
Was  in  truth  the  Pale-Face  Maiden 
Wrung  from  him  by  cruel  magic. 


58  THE   COUNTER-CHARM 

He  was  not  a  gabbling  boaster, 
He  could  think  and  act  in  silence  ; 
And  alone  he  roamed  the  island 
Seeking  this  White  Doe  to  capture, 
So  that  he  might  tame  and  keep  her 
Near  him  to  assuage  his  sorrow. 

All  in  vain, — no  hand  could  touch  her. 
All  in  vain, — no  hunter  won  her. 
Up  the  dunes  of  Ro-a-no-ak 
Still  she  led  the  herd  of  wild  deer. 

Then  O-kis-ko  sought  We-nau-don, 
The  Magician  of  Po-mou-ik.* 
Gave  him  store  of  skins  and  wampum, 
Promised  all  his  greed  demanded, 
If  he  would  restore  the  maiden, 
Break  the  spell  which  held  her  spirit 

In  his  heart  We-nau-don  cherished 
Hatred  for  his  rival  Chi-co 
For  some  boyhood's  cause  of  anger, 
For  defeat  in  public  wrestling ; 
And  because  of  this  he  welcomed 

*  See  Appendix,  Note  j. 


THE   COUNTER-CHARM  59 

Now  the  time  to  vent  his  malice. 
So  he  promised  from  enchantment 
To  release  the  captive  maiden. 

In  the  days  of  pristine  nature, 

In  the  dells  of  Ro-a-no-ak, 

Bubbling  from  the  earth's  dark  caverns, 

Was  a  spring  of  magic  water. 

There  the  Naiads  held  their  revels, 

There  in  secret  met  their  lovers  ; 

And  they  laid  a  spell  upon  it 

Which  should  make  true  lovers  happy ; 

For  to  them  true  love  was  precious. 

He  who  drank  of  it  at  midnight 
When  the  Harvest  Moon  was  brightest, 
Using  as  a  drinking-vessel 
Skull-bowl  of  his  greatest  rival 
Killed  in  open,  honest  combat, 
And  by  summer  sunshine  whitened, 
He  gained  youth  perennial  from  it 
And  the  heart  he  wished  to  love  him. 

He  who  bathed  within  its  waters, 
Having  killed  a  dove  while  moaning, 


60  THE   COUNTER-CHARM 

And  had  killed  no  other  creature 

Since  three  crescent  moons  had  rounded; 

Vowing  to  be  kind  and  helpful 

To  the  sad  and  weary-hearted  : 

He  received  the  magic  power 

To  undo  all  spells  of  evil 

Which  divided  faithful  lovers. 

In  this  spring  had  bathed  We-nau-don, 
And  he  held  its  secrets  sacred  ; 
But  a  feeling  ever  moved  him 
To  make  glad  the  heavy-hearted. 
So  he  showed  unto  O-kis-ko 
Where  to  find  the  magic  water ; 
With  this  counter-charm,  he  told  him 
How  to  free  the  charmed  Wi-no-na : 

"  In  a  shark's  tooth,  long  and  narrow 

In  a  closely  wrought  triangle, 

Set  three  mussel-pearls  of  purple, 

Smooth  and  polished  with  much  rubbing. 

To  an  arrow  of  witch-hazel, 

New,  and  fashioned  very  slender, 

Set  the  shark's  tooth,  long  and  narrow, 

With  its  pearl-inlaid  triangle. 

From  the  wing  of  living  heron 


THE   COUNTER-CHARM  61 

Pluck  one  feather,  white  and  trusty  ; 

With  this  feather  wing  the  arrow, 

That  it  swerve  not  as  it  flyeth. 

Fashioned  thus  with  care  and  caution, 

Let  no  mortal  eye  gaze  on  it ; 

Tell  no  mortal  of  your  purpose  ; 

Secretly  at  sunset  place  it 

In  the  spring  of  magic  water. 

Let  it  rest  there  through  three  sunsets, 

Then  when  sunrise  gilds  the  tree-tops 

Take  it  dripping  from  the  water, 

At  the  rising  sun  straight  point  it, 

While  three  times  these  words  repeating  : 

Mussel-pearl  arrow,  to  her  heart  go  ; 

Loosen  the  fetters  which  bind  the  White  Doe  ; 

Bring  the  lost  maiden  back  to  O-kis-ko. 

With  this  arrow  hunt  the  White  Doe, 

Have  no  timid  fear  of  wounding ; 

When  her  heart  it  enters  boldly 

Chi-co's  charm  will  melt  before  it" 

Every  word  O-kis-ko  heeded, 
Hope,  once  dead,  now  cheered  his  spirit. 
From  the  sea  three  pearls  he  gathered  ; 
From  the  thicket  brought  witch-hazel 
For  the  making  of  the  arrow ; 


62  THE   COUNTER>CHARM 

From  the  heron's  wing  a  feather 
Plucked  to  true  its  speed  in  flying. 
Patiently  he  cut  and  labored, 
As  for  love's  sake  man  will  labor  ; 
Shaped  the  arrow,  new  and  slender, 
Set  the  pearls  into  the  shark's  tooth, 
Fastened  firm  the  heron's  feather, 
With  a  faith  which  mastered  reason. 
In  the  magic  spring  he  steeped  it, 
Watching  lest  some  eye  should  see  it ; 
Through  three  sunsets  steeped  and  watched  it  ; 
Three  times  o'er  the  charm  repeated 
While  the  sunrise  touched  the  tree-tops  ; 
Then  prepared  to  test  its  power. 


THE   HUNT 

IN  the  Land-of-Wind-and-Water 
Long  the  Summer-Glory  lingered, 
Loath  to  yield  its  ripened  beauty 
To  the  cold  embrace  of  Winter. 
And  the  greenness  of  the  forest 
Gave  no  sign  of  coming  treason, 
Till  the  White  Frost  without  warning 
Hung  his  banners  from  the  tree-tops. 
Then  a  blush  of  brilliant  color 
Decked  each  shrub  with  tinted  beauty  ; 
Gold,  and  brown,  and  scarlet  mingled 
Till  no  color  seemed  triumphant; 
And  the  Summer  doomed  to  exile 
Fled  before  the  chilling  Autumn. 

While  the  glow  of  colors  deepened, 
The  proud  Weroance  Win-gin-a, 
Chief  of  Das-a-mon-gue-pue  land, 
Made  a  feast  for  all  his  people  ; 
Called  them  forth  with  bow  and  arrow 
To  a  test  of  skill  and  valor. 

63 


64  THE   HUNT 

He  was  weary  of  the  mysteries 
Whispered  of  the  famous  White  Doe, 
Whose  strange  courage  feared  no  hunter, 
For  no  arrow  ever  reached  her. 
"  Ha  !"  said  he,   "  a  skilful  hunter 
Is  not  daunted  by  a  white  doe  ; 
Craven  hearts  make  trembling  fingers, 
Arrows  fail  when  shot  by  cowards. 
/  will  shoot  this  doe  so  fearless, 
Her  white  skin  shall  be  my  mantle,* 
Her  white  meat  shall  serve  for  feasting, 
And  my  braves  shall  cease  from  fearing. 
From  the  fields  the  maize  invites  us, 
Sturgeons  have  been  fat  and  plenty. 
We  are  weary  of  fish-eating, 
We  will  feast  on  meat  of  white  deer." 

Messengers  of  invitation 
Sent  he  to  the  other  nations, 
Saying,   "Come  and  hunt  the  White  Doe, 
Bring  your  surest,  fleetest  arrows  ; 
We  will  eat  the  meat  of  white  deer, 
We  will  drink  the  purple  grape-juice, 
Burn  the  uppowoc  in  pipe-bowls, 
While  we  shame  the  trembling  hunters." 

*  See  Appendix,  Note  /. 


THE   HUNT  65 

But  the  Cro-a-to-ans  kept  silence, 

Sent  no  answer  to  his  greeting. 

They  believed  the  charmed  White  Doe 

Was  Wi-no-na  Ska's  pure  spirit, 

Who  in  freedom  still  was  happy, 

And  they  would  not  wound  or  harm  her, 

They"  would  shoot  no  arrows  at  her, 

Nor  help  feast  upon  her  body. 

Then  O-kis-ko  answered  boldly  ; 

"  I  will  go  and  hunt  this  White  Doe, 

I  will  shoot  from  my  own  ambush, 

I  will  take  my  fleetest  arrow." 

And  the  men  and  women  wondered, 

For  they  knew  his  former  loving. 

But  O-kis-ko  kept  his  secret, 

Showed  no  one  his  new-made  arrow  ; 

'Round  his  shoulders  threw  a  mantle 

Made  of  skins  of  many  sea-gulls, 

So  that  he  could  hide  his  arrow, 

And  no  mortal  eye  could  see  it 

Till  he  sent  it  on  its  mission 

Winged  with  magic,   fraught  with  mercy. 

Thus  he  went  to  Ro-a-no-ak, 

Love,  and  hope,  and  faith  impelling, 

5 


66  THE   HUNT 

Conscious  of  his  aim  unerring, 
Trusting  in  the  arrow's  power. 

From  Po-mou-ik  came  Wan-ches-e, 
For  the  hunt  and  feast  impatient, 
Boasting  of  his  skill  and  valor, 
Saying  in  his  loud  vainglory  : 
"I  will  teach  the  braves  to  shoot  deer, 
Young  men  now  are  not  great  hunters, 
Hearts  like  squaws  they  have  within  them, 
Nothing  fears  them  but  a  papoose." 

Wan-ches-e  had  crossed  the  water  * 
In  the  ships  with  wings  like  sea-birds, 
And  the  Pale-Face  Weroanza, 
Whom  he  saw  in  her  own  country, 
Him  to  please  and  show  her  friendship, 
Gave  an  arrow-head  of  silver 
To  him  as  a  mark  of  favor. 

This  he  now  brought  proudly  with  him, 
As  of  all  his  arrows  fleetest ; 
Bearing  in  its  lustrous  metal, 
As  he  thought,  some  gift  of  power 

*  See  Appendix,  Note  /. 


THE   HUNT  67 

From  the  mighty  Weroanza 

Which  would  bring  success  unto  him  ; 

And  the  warriors  all  would  praise  him 

As  around  the  feast  they  gathered, 

Saying  as  he  walked  among  them  : 

"There  is  none  like  brave  Wan-ches-e, 

He  can  bend  the  bow  with  firmness, 

He  has  arrow-points  of  silver, 

And  the  White  Doe  falls  before  him." 

And  he  polished  well  the  arrow 

Which  he  thought  would  bring  him  praises. 

Where  the  deer  were  wont  to  wander 
All  the  hunters  took  their  stations, 
While  the  stalkers  sought  the  forest, 
From  its  depths  to  start  the  deer-herd. 

Near  the  shore  Win-gin-a  lingered 
That  he  first  might  shoot  his  arrow, 
And  thus  have  the  certain  glory 
Of  the  White  Doe's  death  upon  him. 

By  a  pine-tree  stood  Wan-ches-e 
With  his  silver  arrow  ready ; 
While  O-kis-ko,   unseen,  waited 
Near  by  in  his  chosen  ambush, 


68  THE   HUNT 

Where  he  oft  had  watched  the  White  Doe, 
Where  he  knew  she  always  lingered. 

Soon  the  stalkers  with  great  shouting 
Started  up  the  frightened  red  deer ; 
On  they  came  through  brake  and  thicket, 
In  the  front  the  White  Doe  leading, 
With  fleet  foot  and  head  uplifted, 
Daring  all  the  herd  to  follow. 

Easy  seemed  the  task  of  killing, 
So  Win-gin-a  twanged  his  bow-string, 
But  his  arrow  fell  beside  her 
As  she  sprang  away  from  danger. 

Through  the  tanglewood,  still  onward, 
Head  uplifted,  her  feet  scorning 
All  the  wealth  of  bright-hued  foliage 
Which  lay  scattered  in  her  pathway. 
Up  the  high  sand-dunes  she  bounded, 
In  her  wake  the  whole  herd  followed, 
While  the  arrows  aimed  from  ambush 
Fell  around  her  ever  harmless. 

On  she  sped,  towards  the  water, 
Nostrils  spread  to  sniff  the  sea-breeze  ; 


THE   HUNT  69 

Through  the  air  a  whizzing  arrow 
Flew,  but  did  not  touch  the  White  Doe  ; 
But  a  stag  beside  her  bounding 
Wounded  fell  among  the  bushes, 
And  the  herd  fled  in  confusion, 
Waiting  now  not  for  the  leader. 

On  again,  with  leaping  footsteps, 

Tossing  head  turned  to  the  sea-shore  ; 

For  one  fatal  minute  standing 

Where  the  White  Man's  Fort  had  once  stood  ; 

In  her  eyes  came  wistful  gleamings 

Like  a  lost  hope's  fleeting  shadow. 

While  with  graceful  poise  she  lingered, 
Swift,  Wan-ches-e  shot  his  arrow 
Aimed  with  cruel  thought  to  kill  her ; 
While  from  near  and  secret  ambush, 
With  unerring  aim,  O-kis-ko 
Forward  sent  his  magic  arrow, 
Aimed  with  thought  of  love  and  mercy. 

To  her  heart  straight  went  both  arrows, 
And  with  leap  of  pain  she  bounded 
From  the  earth,  and  then  fell  forward, 
Prone,  amidst  the  forest  splendor. 


70  THE   HUNT 

O-kis-ko,  with  fond  heart  swelling, 
Wan-ches-e,  with  pride  exultant, 
To  the  Doe  both  sprang  to  claim  it, 
Each  surprised  to  see   the  other. 

Suddenly,  within  the  forest, 

Spread  a  gleaming  mist  around  them, 

Like  a  dense  white  fog  in  summer, 

So  they  scarce  could  grope  their  pathway. 

Slowly,  as  if  warmed  by  sunbeams, 

From  one  spot  the  soft  mist  melted, 

While  within  its  bright' ning  dimness, 

With  the  misty  halo  'round  her, 

Stood  a  beautiful  white  maiden, — 

Stood  the  gentle,   lost  Wi-no-na. 

Through  her  heart  two  arrows  crosswise 
Pierced  the  flesh  with  cruel  wounding  ; 
Downward  flowed  the  crimson  blood-tide, 
Staining  red  the  snow-white  doe-skin 
Which  with  grace  her  form  enveloped, 
While  her  arms  with  pleading  gesture 
To  O-kis-ko  were  outstretching. 

As  they  gazed  upon  the  vision, 
All  their  souls  with  wonder  filling  ; 


THE    HUNT  71 

While  the  white  mist  slowly  melted, 
Prostrate  fell  the  wounded  maiden. 

Then  revealed  was  all  the  myst'ry, 
Then  they  saw  what  had  befallen. 
To  her  heart  the  magic  arrow 
First  had  pierced,  and  lo  !  Wi-no-na 
Once  more  breathed  in  form  of  maiden. 

But  while  yet  the  charm  was  passing 
Came  the  arrow  of  Wan-ches-e ; 
To  her  heart  it  pierced  unerring, 
Pierced  the  pearl-inlaid  triangle, 
Struck  and  broke  the  shark's  tooth  narrow, 
Charm  and  counter-charm  undoing ; 
Leaving  but  a  mortal  maiden 
Wounded  past  the  hope  of  healing. 

Woe  to  love,  and  hope,  and  magic  ! 
Woe  to  hearts  whom  death  divideth  ! 
While  upon  her  bleeding  bosom 
Fatal  arrows  made  the  Cross-Sign, 
Wistful  eyes  she  turned  to  Heaven  ; 
"  O  forget  not  your  Wi-no-na," 
Whispered  she  unto  O-kis-ko, 
As  her  soul  passed  to  the  silence. 


VI 
THE   SILVER   ARROW 

FEAR  seized  on  the  bold  Wan-ches-e 

When,  he  saw  the  Pale-Face  maiden 

Standing  where  had  poised  the  White  Doe, 

Where  the  White  Man's  Fort  had  once  stood. 

He  knew  naught  of  magic  arrows, 

Nor  O-kis-ko's  secret  mission  ; 

He  saw  only  his  own  arrow 

Piercing  through  her  tender  bosom, 

Never  doubting  but  the  wonder 

Which  his  awe-struck  eyes  had  witnessed 

Had  been  wrought  by  his  own  arrow, 

Silver  arrow  from  a  far  land, 

Fashioned  by  the  skill  of  Pale-Face, 

Gift  of  Pale-Face  Weroanza 

To  a  race  she  willed  to  conquer. 

All  his  hatred  of  the  Pale-Face, 
Fed  by  fear  and  superstition, 
To  him  made  this  sudden  vision 
Seem  an  omen  of  the  future, 

72 


THE   SILVER   ARROW  73 

When  the  Red  Man,  like  the  White  Doe, 
Should  give  place  unto  the  Pale-Face, 
And  the  Indian,  like  the  white  mist, 
Fade  from  out  his  native  forest 
All  his  courage  seemed  to  weaken 
With  the  dread  of  dark  disaster ; 
And  "with  instincts  strong  for  safety 
Fled  he  from  the  place  in  terror. 

Love  hath  not  the  fear  of  danger, 

And  O-kis-ko's  faith  in  magic 

Kept  him  brave  to  meet  the  changes 

Which  had  each  so  quickly  followed. 

For  he  saw  the  human  maiden 

Where  had  stood  the  living  White  Doe  ; 

And  he  knew  his  hazel  arrow, 

Charmed  with  all  We-nau-don's  magic, 

Had  restored  the  lost  Wi-no-na 

To  reward  his  patient  loving. 

But  the  conflict  of  two  arrows, 
Bringing  death  unto  the  maiden, 
Was  a  deep  and  darksome  myst'ry 
Which  his  ignorance  could  not  fathom. 
All  the  cause  of  his  undoing 
Saw  he  in  the  silver  arrow  ; 


74  THE   SILVER   ARROW 

So  with  true  love's  tireless  effort, 
Quick  he  strove  to  break  its  power. 

From  her  heart  he  plucked  the  arrow, 
Hastened  to  the  magic  water, 
Hoping  to  destroy  the  evil 
Which  had  stilled  the  maiden's  pulses. 
In  the  sparkling  spring  he  laid  it 
So  no  spot  was  left  uncovered, 
So  the  full  charm  of  the  water 
Might  act  on  the  blood-stained  arrow. 

As  the  blood-stains  from  it  melted, 
Blood  of  Pale-Face  shed  by  Red  Man, 
Slowly,  while  he  watched  and  waited, 
All  the  sparkling  water  vanished ; 
Dry  became  the  magic  fountain, 
Leaving  bare  the  silver  arrow. 

Was  it  thus  the  spell  would  weaken 
Which  had  wrought  his  love  such  evil  ? 
Would  she  be  again  awakened 
When  he  sought  her  in  the  thicket? 
Must  he  shoot  this  arrow  at  her 
To  restore  her  throbbing  pulses  ? 


THE   SILVER   ARROW  75 

Must  he  seek  again  We-nau-don 
To  make  warm  her  icy  beauty? 

While  he  of  himself  sought  guidance, 
Sought  to  know  the  hidden  meaning 
Of  the  mysteries  he  witnessed  ; 
Lo  !  another  mystic  wonder 
Met  his  eyes  as  he  sat  musing. 

From  the  arrow  made  by  Pale-Face, 
As  th'  enchanted  water  left  it, 
Sprang  a  tiny  shoot  with  leaflets 
Pushing  upward  to  the  sunlight 

Did  the  arrow  dry  the  fountain 

With  the  blight  of  death  it  carried? 

Or  in  going,  had  the  water 

Left  a  charm  upon  the  arrow? 

Did  the  heart-blood  of  the  Pale-Face 

From  the  arrow  in  the  water 

Cause  the  coming  of  the  green  shoot, 

Which  reached  upward  to  the  sunlight? 

All  O-kis-ko's  love  and  courage 
Could  not  give  him  greater  knowledge. 
Savage  mind  could  not  unravel 
All  the  meaning  of  this  marvel. 


76  THE   SILVER  ARROW 

Fear  forbade  him  touch  the  arrow 

Lest  he  should  destroy  the  green  shoot; 

So  he  left  the  tender  leaflets 

Reaching  upward  to  the  sunlight, 

Sought  again  the  lifeless  maiden 

For  whose  love  his  soul  had  hungered ; 

Knelt  beside  her  in  the  forest, 

With  the  awe  of  death  upon  him, 

Which  in  heathen  as  in  Christian 

Moves  the  human  soul  to  worship. 

All  his  faith  in  savage  magic 
Turned  to  frenzy  at  his  failure ; 
And  the  helplessness  of  mortals 
Pressed  upon  him  like  a  burden  ; 
While  a  mighty  longing  seized  him 
For  a  knowledge  of  the  Unknown, 
For  a  light  to  pierce  the  Silence 
Into  which  none  enter  living. 
And  unconsciously  his  spirit 
Rose  in  quest  of  Might  Supernal, 
Which  should  rule  both  dead  and  living, 
Leaving  naught  to  chance  or  magic  ; 
Which  should  seize  the  throbbing  pulses 
Ebbing  from  a  dying  mortal, 
And  create  a  higher  being 


THE   SILVER   ARROW  77 

Free  from  thrall  of  earthly  nature ; 
Almost  grasping  in  his  yearning 
Knowledge  of  the  God  Eternal, 
In  whose  hand  the  earth  lies  helpless, 
In  whose  heart  all  souls  find  refuge. 

But  no  light  came  to  O-kis-ko  ; 

Still  the  burden  pressed  upon  him, 

And  a  pall  of  hopeless  yearning 

Wrapped  his  soul  in  voiceless  sorrow 

As  he  gazed  upon  the  maiden 

With  death's  mysteries  enfolded. 

Then  he  made  upon  her  bosom 

The  strange  Cross-Sign  she  had  taught  him  ; 

From  his  shoulders  took  the  mantle 

Made  of  skins  of  many  sea-gulls, 

Gently  wrapped  the  maiden  in  it, 

Heaped  the  tinted  leaves  about  her ; 

Leaving  all  his  own  life's  brightness 

With  her  where  the  shadows  darkened. 


Thus  the  ancient  legend  runneth,  with  its   plaint 

of  hopeless  doom, 
Bearing  in  its  heart  the  fragrance   of  the  Truth's 

enduring  bloom, 


78  THE   SILVER  ARROW 

Standing  in   the   light   of   knowledge,    where   de 
veloped  ages  meet, 
We  can  read  the  mystic  omens  which  O-kis-ko's 

eyes  did  greet. 
And  to  us  they  seem  the  symbols  of  what  coming 

ages  brought, 
Realization    gives    the    answer,   which    in  vain    the 

Savage  sought. 
For    we    know    the    silver    arrow,     fatal     to    all 

sorcery, 
Was    the    gleaming    light    of    Progress    speeding 

from  across  the  sea, 
Before   which   the   Red    Man    vanished,    shrinking 

from  its  silvery  light 
As  the  magic  waters  yielded  to  the  silver  arrow's 

blight 
And  the  tiny  shoot  with  leaflets,   by  the  sunlight 

warmed  to  life, 
Was    the  Vine    of   Civilization    in    the    wilderness 

of  strife ; 
With    no    friendly   hand    to    tend    it,    yet    it   grew 

midst  slight  and  wrong, 
Taking    root    in    other    places,* — growing    green, 

and  broad,  and  strong, 

*  Jamestown  and  Plymouth  Rock. 


THE   SILVER   ARROW  79 

Till  its  vigor  knew  no  weakness,  with  its  branches 

flower-fraught, 
Till    a    prosp'rous    land    it    sheltered    where    th' 

oppressed  a  refuge  sought, 
Till    its    fruit    made    all   who    labored    'neath    its 

shade  both  bold  and  free, 
Till    a   people    dwelt   beneath    it   strong    to    meet 

their  destiny. 

Now    beneath    its    spreading    branches    dwells    a 

nation  brave  and  free, 
Raising  glad,  triumphant  paeans   for  the   boon  of 

Liberty ; 
Holding  fast  the  Holy  Cross-Sign, — Heirs  of  Duty 

and  of  Light, — 
Still  they  speed  the  arrow,  Progress,  on  its  civilizing 

flight ; 
Keeping  bright  the  Fires  of  Freedom,  where  Man, 

Brotherhood  may  know, 
For  God's  breath  upon  the  altar  keeps  the  sacred 

flame  aglow. 


APPENDIX 


NOTE  a.-*r-"We  viewed  the  land  about  us,  being  where 
we  first  landed  very  sandy  and  low  towards  the  water  side, 
but  so  full  of  grapes  as  the  very  beating  and  surge  of  the 
sea  overflowed  them,  of  which  we  found  such  plenty,  as 
well  there  as  in  all  places  else,  both  on  the  sand  and  on 
the  green  soil,  on  the  hills  as  in  the  plains,  as  well  on 
every  little  shrub,  as  also  climbing  towards  the  tops  of 
high  cedars,  that  I  think  in  all  the  world  the  like  abun 
dance  is  not  to  be  found."— First  voyage  of  Amadas  and 
Barlowe,  1584.  From  Hakluyt. 

NOTE  b.— "The  second  of  July  we  found  shoal  water, 
where  we  smelled  so  sweet  and  so  strong  a  smell  as  if  we 
had  been  in  the  midst  of  some  delicate  garden  abounding 
with  all  kinds  of  odoriferous  flowers,  by  which  we  were 
,  assured  that  the  land  could  not  be  far  distant."— First 
•voyage  of  Amadas  and  Barlowe,  1584. 

NOTE  c. "Deer,  in  some  places  there  are  great  store: 

near  unto  the  seacoast  they  are  of  the  ordinary  bigness 
of  ours  in  England,  and  some  less  :  but  further  up  into 
the  country  where  there  is  better  feed,  they  are  greater." 
— Harriot's  Report. 

6  81 


82  APPENDIX 

NOTE  d. — "The  Governor  (John  White)  with  divers  of 
his  company,  walked  to  the  north  end  of  the  island, 
where  Master  Ralph  Lane  had  his  fort,  with  sundry 
necessary  and  decent  dwelling  houses,  made  by  his  men 
about  it,  the  year  before,  where  we  hoped  to  find  some 
signs,  or  certain  knowledge  of  our  fifteen  men.  When 
we  came  thither  we  found  the  fort  razed  down,  but  all 
the  houses  standing  unhurt,  saving  that  the  neather  rooms 
of  them,  and  also  of  the  fort,  were  overgrown  with  melons 
of  divers  sorts,  and  deer  within  them,  feeding  on  those 
melons ;  so  we  returned  to  our  company,  without  hope 
of  ever  seeing  any  of  the  fifteen  alive." — Hakluyt. 


NOTE  e. — "At  our  first  landing  they  seemed  as  though 
they  would  fight  with  us,  but  perceiving  us  begin  to  march 
with  our  shot  towards  them,  they  turned  their  backs  and 
fled.  Then  Manteo,  their  countryman,  called  to  them  in 
their  own  language,  whom,  as  soon  as  they  heard,  they 
returned,  and  threw  away  their  bows  and  arrows,  and 
some  of  them  came  unto  us  embracing  and  entertaining 
us  friendly,  desiring  us  not  to  gather  or  spoil  any  of  their 
corn,  for  that  they  had  but  little.  We  answered  them 
that  neither  their  corn  nor  any  other  thing  of  theirs 
should  be  diminished  by  any  of  us,  and  that  our  coming 
was  only  to  renew  the  old  love,  that  was  between  us  and 
them  at  the  first,  and  to  live  with  them  as  brethren  and 
friends  ;  which  answer  seemed  to  please  them  well,  where 
fore  they  requested  us  to  walk  up  to  their  town,  who  there 
feasted  us  after  their  manner,  and  desired  us  earnestly 


APPENDIX  83 

that  there  might  be  some  token  or  badge  given  them  of 
us,  whereby  we  might  know  them  to  be  our  friends," 
etc. 

"And  also  we  understood  by  them  of  Croatoan,  how 
that  the  fifteen  Englishmen  left  at  Roanoak  the  year 
before,  by  Sir  Richard  Grenville,  were  suddenly  set  upon 
by  thirty  of  the  men  of  Secota,  Aquoscogoc,  and  Dasa- 
monguepeue,  in  manner  following.  They  conveyed  them 
selves  secretly  behind  the  trees,  near  the  houses  where 
our  men  carelessly  lived,  and  having  perceived  that  of 
those  fifteen  they  could  see  but  eleven  only,  two  of  those 
savages  appeared  to  the  eleven  Englishmen,  calling  to 
them  by  friendly  signs  that  but  two  of  their  chief  men 
should  come  unarmed  to  speak  with  those  two  savages, 
who  seemed  also  to  be  unarmed.  Wherefore  two  of  the 
chiefest  of  our  Englishmen  went  gladly  to  them  ;  but 
whilst  one  of  those  savages  traitorously  embraced  one 
of  our  men,  the  other  with  his  sword  of  wood,  which 
he  had  secretly  hidden  under  his  mantle,  struck  him  on 
the  head  and  slew  him,  and  presently  the  other  eight  and 
twenty  savages  shewed  themselves ;  the  other  Englishman 
perceiving  this,  fled  to  his  company,  whom  the  savages 
pursued  with  their  bows  and  arrows  so  fast  that  the  English 
men  were  forced  to  take  the  house,  wherein  all  their 
victuals  and  weapons  were ;  but  the  savages  forthwith 
set  the  same  on  fire,  by  means  whereof  our  men  were 
forced  to  take  up  such  weapons  as  came  first  to  hand, 
and  without  order  to  run  forth  among  the  savages,  with 
whom  they  skirmished  above  an  hour.  In  this  skirmish 
another  of  our  men  was  shot  into  the  mouth  with  an  arrow, 


84  APPENDIX 

where  he  died ;  and  also  one  of  the  savages  was  shot  into 
the  side  by  one  of  our  men,  with  a  wild  fire  arrow,  whereof 
he  died  presently.  The  place  where  they  fought  was  of 
great  advantage  to  the  savages,  by  means  of  the  thick 
trees,  behind  which  the  savages  through  their  nimbleness 
defended  themselves,  and  so  offended  our  men  with  their 
arrows,  that  our  men,  being  some  of  them  hurt,  retired 
fighting  to  the  water  side  where  their  boat  lay,  with  which 
they  fled  towards  Hatorask.  By  that  time  they  had  rowed 
but  a  quarter  of  a  mile,  they  espied  their  four  fellows 
coming  from  a  creek  thereby,  where  they  had  been  to 
fetch  oysters ;  these  four  they  received  into  their  boat, 
leaving  Roanoak,  and  landed  on  a  little  island  on  the 
right  hand  of  our  entrance  into  the  harbor  of  Hatorask, 
where  they  remained  awhile,  but  afterwards  departed, 
whither  as  yet  we  know  not." — Hakluyt. 

NOTE  f. — "The  thirteenth  of  August,  our  savage, 
Manteo,  by  the  commandment  of  Sir  Walter  Raleigh, 
was  christened  in  Roanoak,  and  called  Lord  thereof,  and 
of  Dasamonguepeuc,  in  reward  of  his  faithful  services." 
—Hakluyt. 

NOTE  g. — "The  eighteenth,  Eleanor,  daughter  to  the 
Governor,  and  wife  to  Ananias  Dare,  one  of  the  assistants, 
was  delivered  of  a  daughter,  in  Roanoak,  and  the  same 
was  christened  there  the  Sunday  following,  and  because 
this  child  was  the  first  Christian  born  in  Virginia,  she  was 
named  Virginia." — Hakluyt. 


APPENDIX  85 

NOTE  h. — "The  twenty-second  of  August,  the  whole 
company,  both  of  the  assistants  and  planters,  came  to 
the  Governor,  and  with  one  voice  requested  him  to  return 
himself  into  England,  for  the  better  and  sooner  obtaining 
of  supplies  and  other  necessaries  for  them ;  but  he  refused 
it,  and  alleged  many  sufficient  causes  why  he  would 
not.  .  .  .  The  next  day,  not  only  the  assistants, 
but  divers*  others,  as  well  women  as  men,  began  to 
renew  their  requests  to  the  Governor  again,  to  take  upon 
him  to  return  into  England  for  the  supplies  and  dispatch 
of  all  such  things  as  there  were  to  be  done.  .  .  . 
The  Governor  being  at  the  last,  through  their  extreme 
entreating,  constrained  to  return  into  England,  having 
then  but  half  a  day's  respite  to  prepare  himself  for  the 
same,  departed  from  Roanoak  the  seven  and  twentieth 
of  August  in  the  morning,  and  the  same  day  about  mid 
night  came  aboard  the  Fly-boat  who  already  had  weighed 
anchor,  and  rode  without  the  bar,  the  admiral  riding  by 
them,  who  but  the  same  morning  was  newly  come  thither 
again.  The  same  day  both  the  ships  weighed  anchor  and 
set  sail  for  England." — Hakluyt. 

NOTE  k. — "Our  boats  and  all  things  filled  again,  we 
put  off  from  Hatorask,  being  the  number  of  nineteen 
persons  in  both  boats ;  but  before  we  could  get  to  the 
place  where  our  planters  were  left,  it  was  so  exceeding 
dark,  that  we  overshot  the  place  a  quarter  of  a  mile, 
where  we  espied  towards  the  North  end  of  the  island  the 
light  of  a  great  fire  through  the  woods  to  the  which  we 
presently  rowed :  when  we  came  right  over  against  it  we 


86  APPENDIX 

let  fall  our  grapnel  near  the  shore,  and  sounded  with  a 
trumpet  a  call,  and  afterwards  many  familiar  English 
tunes  of  songs,  and  called  to  them  friendly  ;  but  we  had 
no  answer,  we  therefore  landed  at  daybreak,  and  coming 
to  the  fire  we  found  the  grass  and  sundry  rotten  trees 
burning  about  the  place.  From  hence  we  went  through 
the  woods  to  that  part  of  the  island  directly  over  against 
Dasamonguepeuc,  and  from  thence  we  returned  by  the 
water  side  round  about  the  north  point  of  the  island, 
until  we  came  to  the  place  where  I  left  our  colony  in  the 
year  1586.  In  all  this  way  we  saw  in  the  sand  the  print 
of  the  savages'  feet  of  two  or  three  sorts  trodden  in  the 
night ;  and  as  we  entered  up  the  sandy  bank,  upon  a 
tree,  in  the  very  brow  thereof,  were  curiously  carved  these 
fair  Roman  letters  C.  R.  O.,  which  letters  presently  we 
knew  to  signify  the  place  where  I  should  find  the  planters 
seated,  according  to  a  secret  token  agreed  upon  between 
them  and  me  at  my  last  departure  from  them ;  which 
was,  that  in  any  way  they  should  not  fail  to  write  or 
carve  on  the  trees  or  posts  of  the  doors  the  name  of  the 
place  where  they  should  be  seated ;  for  at  my  coming 
away  they  were  prepared  to  remove  from  Roanoak  fifty 
miles  into  the  main.  Therefore  at  my  departure  from 
them  in  An.  1587,  I  willed  them  that  if  they  should 
happen  to  be  distressed  in  any  of  those  places,  that  then 
they  should  carve  over  the  letters  or  name,  a  cross  f  in 
this  form ;  but  we  found  no  such  sign  of  distress.  .  .  . 
And  having  well  considered  of  this,  we  passed  towards 
the  place  where  they  were  left  in  sundry  houses,  but  we 
found  the  houses  taken  down,  and  the  place  very  strongly 


APPENDIX  87 

enclosed  with  a  high  palisade  of  great  trees,  with  curtains 
and  flankers,  very  fort-like,  and  one  of  the  chief  trees  or 
posts  at  the  right  side  of  the  entrance  had  the  bark  taken 
off,  and  five  feet  from  the  ground  in  fair  capital  letters 
was  graven  CROATOAN  without  any  cross  or  sign  of 
distress.  ...  I  greatly  joyed  that  I  had  safely  found 
a  certain  token  of  their  safe  being  at  Croatoan,  which  is 
the  place  where  Manteo  was  born,  and  the  savages  of 
the  island  our  friends." — From  Governor  White  s  account 
of  his  voyage  in  search  of  the  colonists,  after  the  defeat 
of  the  Spanish  Armada.  Hakluyt,  Vol.  III. 

NOTE  /. — "We  brought  home  also  two  of  the  savages, 
being  lusty  men,  whose  names  were  Wan-ches-e  and 
Man-te-o." — First  voyage  by  Amadas  and  Barlowe. 

NOTE  m. — All  authorities  agree  in  the  statement  that 
the  favorite  time  among  the  Indians  for  an  attack  on  an 
enemy  was  at,  or  about,  daybreak. 

NOTE  «. — "  Into  this  river  falls  another  great  river  called 
Cipo  in  which  there  is  found  great  store  of  mussels  in  which 
there  are  pearls." — Voyage  of  Amadas  and  Barlowe. 

"In  her  ears  she  had  bracelets  of  pearls,  hanging  down 
to  her  middle,  and  these  were  of  the  bigness  of  good 
pease." — Voyage  of  Amadas  and  Barlowe. 

"Sometimes  feeding  on  mussels,  we  found  some  pearle, 
but  it  was  our  hap  to  meet  with  ragges,  or  of  a  pied  colour  ; 
not  having  yet  discovered  those  places  where  we  heard  of 
better  and  more  plenty." — Harriot's  Report. 


88  APPENDIX 

NOTE  o. — "The  manner  of  making  their  boats  in  Vir 
ginia  is  very  wonderful.  For  whereas  they  want  instruments 
of  iron  or  others  like  unto  ours,  yet  they  know  how  to  make 
them  as  handsomely,  to  sail  with  where  they  list  in  their 
rivers,  and  to  fish  withal,  as  ours.  First  they  choose  some 
long  and  thick  tree,  according  to  the  bigness  of  the  boat 
which  they  would  frame,  and  make  a  fire  on  the  ground 
about  the  roots  thereof,  kindling  the  same  by  little  and 
little  with  dry  moss  of  trees,  and  chips  of  wood  that  the 
flame  should  not  mount  up  too  high,  and  burn  too  much 
of  the  length  of  the  tree.  When  it  is  almost  burnt  through, 
and  ready  to  fall  they  make  a  new  fire  which  they  suffer 
to  burn  until  the  tree  falls  of  its  own  accord.  Then 
burning  off  the  top  and  boughs  of  the  tree  in  such  wise 
that  the  body  of  the  same  may  retain  his  just  length, 
they  raise  it  upon  poles  laid  over  cross  wise  upon  forked 
posts  at  such  a  reasonable  height  as  they  may  handsomely 
work  upon  it.  Then  take  they  off  the  bark  with  certain 
shells  ;  they  reserve  the  innermost  part  of  the  bark  for 
the  nethermost  part  of  the  boat.  On  the  other  side  they 
make  a  fire  according  to  the  length  of  the  body  of  the 
tree  saving  at  both  the  ends.  That  which  they  think  is 
sufficiently  burned,  they  quench  and  scrape  away  with 
shells,  and  making  a  new  fire  they  burn  it  again  and  so 
they  continue,  sometimes  burning  and  sometimes  scraping 
until  the  boat  have  sufficient  bottoms." — Harriot' s  Report. 

NOTE  p. — "  They  are  a  people  clothed  with  loose  mantles 
made  of  deer  skin,  and  aprons  of  the  same  round  about 
their  middles." — Harriot' 's  Report. 


APPENDIX  89 

NOTE  s. — "They  have  commonly  conjurers  or  jugglers, 
which  use  strange  gestures,  and  often  contrary  to  nature 
in  their  enchantments :  For  they  be  very  familiar  with 
devils  of  whom  they  inquire  what  their  enemies  do,  or 
other  such  things." — Harriot's  Report. 


CENTRAL  UNIVERSITY  LIBRARY 
University  of  California,  San  Diego 

DATE  DUE 


MftR  2  0  \W 

MAR  2  0  1980 

CJ  39 

UCSD  Libr. 

A    001  441  550    9 


